Sports Sponsorship Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Sponsorship - Research Proposal ExampleThe research also evaluates the economic pull aheads, as soundly as, the costs associated with the Philadelphia supranational pass Championship to the city of Philadelphia and the surrounding community. Early January this year, it was announced that the Philadelphia International pass Championship would not be held in 2013 (Velo News, 2013). The announcement of the cancellation of the yearly line of achievement was a surprise to many a(prenominal) people. Among those who were stunned by this announcement ar spectators, cannonball along participants and citizens of Philadelphia, and the surrounding communities. However, the organizers of the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship race promised to reorganize with new partners to make the yearly race superlative in future. This means that the next Philadelphia International Cycling Championship race will be held next year, if the organizers manage to find sponsors who may b e willing to commit their funds towards the preparation of the publication. Given that the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship is among the biggest, special events of Philadelphia, the race had both economic benefits and costs to the city of Philadelphia and surrounding communities. ... This contributes to the revenue of the city. Also, community members benefit because they are the suppliers of the requirements of hosting spectators such as foodstuffs. In addition, people from areas surrounding the city of Philadelphia are employed by various companies that are associated with the organization of the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship race. Other economic benefits include revenue earned from travel of the participants and spectators in throughout the city of Philadelphia and its surrounding communities (Visit Philly, 2012). Therefore, the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship is of significant economic benefit because it earns revenue for the c ity of Philadelphia, through charging of a flat fee to organizers and participants (Ford, 2013). On the other hand, the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship is associated with the rising city costs (PR Web, 2013). For instance, the city of Philadelphia incurred some costs in preparation of the event when sponsors could not reach the threshold of the required funds for hosting the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship. This move was taken by the city of Philadelphia because of the economic benefits that the race brought to the city. However, the city of Philadelphia increased the charges to the organizers tremendously in 2009, a time when sponsorship freight of TD Bank was coming to an end (Ford, 2013). Other costs associated with the Philadelphia International Cycling Championship include lawsuits. For instance, one and only(a) of the organizers is facing a law suit, whereby he is accused of failing to purchase the remaining share of their say sporting with o ne of the participants who died of cancer last year (Ford, 2013). Instead, the organizer had used the

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 207

Essay ExampleIt adopted the military culture and operated beneath principles reminiscent from the military operation. This culture resulted to decrease of company performance. The principles adopted also resulted to out(p)come of many employees. Shaw (2007) states that, termination of the employee causes low performance of the company because the customers have specific people who should serve them. When a customer finds out that the employees are sucked, they also loose confidence with the company (Sison, 2008). When Frank took over the company changed trend and tested to create or establish a good relationship with employee and customer. In order to attract to a greater extent customers, it started offering free service of teaching carpentry to children. The company builds up a culture that express on companionable responsibility. It created different programs that support the customers and environment growth.The company also underestimated the female workers as they were pay ing(a) low salaries than their male counter adjourns but after the case was filed in 1997, the issue was resolved. The company provides equal fortune to all associates, and every body is encouraged to develop and grow professionally (Rezaee, 2008).In respect to the social responsibility principle, Home Depot established programs to minimize their impacts to the environment and also customers effect to the environment. One of the honourable principles is to care and protect the environment and ensure that the company and the customer do not cause hurt to the environment. The company has also applied to be certified by the Forest Stewardship in order to overture wood at the forest. This is an indication that the company does not want to violate the countrys ruler (Shaw, 2007). Home Depot employees are required to be involved on voluntarily basis in community work and civic activities. Each year the 300 employees are required to take part in the 2 million voluntarily services offer ed by

Napolean and Stonewall Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Napolean and Stonewall Jackson - Essay Example cat sleeps Influence on War Strategies Until Napoleon, the act of war was there were either the state rulers or the trusted warriors who were regarded as responsible of the entire affair. However, Napoleon and Fredrick II had introduced a new concept of warrior-king who john apply diplomatic as well as array power for his own aims and thus could more than directly tailor military carry outs to strategic aims--and more thoroughly conclude peace following critical military events2. The warfare was in evolution even in the age of Napoleon. He had cleverly detect the problems of sustenance and movement of armies in the battlefield and he took advantage of it. He had increased the mobility of the armies and had applied his fictive tactics in the art of warfare, especially in the quick formation of army combinations. His creativity and penetration into the affairs of War tactics had won him great victories. Critics call up that Napoleo ns victory lies in the first place to his ability in synthesizing and exploiting the developments made by others. He did non rely on personal novelties kinda he tried to gain concepts from the war tactics applied by others. This approach ended the early force employment, as opposed to weapons technology or logistical means3. Napoleon was about action he did not share Jominis focus on principles.4 To him, war was what is done in the battlefield, not in books. Though napoleon had not proposed a definite speculation of War as his primary(prenominal) concern was application of tactics, Jomini and Clausewitz have interpreted his actions and strategic aims to lay a basis for modern art and science of war. They had studied the operational circumstances and strategies applied by napoleon and they had added the active factors in the theory and art of war operations pivotal points, main focus, climax, etc. Operational Arts Operational humanities is a modern concept that deals with the conception and execution of military operations through the direction of military forces for particular strategic intentions. The whole operation involves the combining of the forces and allocating of the assets to planned units. Thus, it forms a bridge between system and tactics by building an association between the aims of war and the actual fight in it, and seeks to key a level between these. Napoleonic Impact on Operational Arts Many critics believe that the origin of the concept of operational arts lie back to eighteenth century with the theorists belonging to the Soviet inter-war. However until recently, this term referred to only a combination of activities performed in the battlefield, such as defining the routes of attack, scavenging and stocking, and barriers along with the growth of overall mans, unceasing processes athwart manifold battles of war, and the distribution of power among dogmatic and armed leaders. Later, Napoleonic wars as well as the industrial revolutio n developed them into a true set of operations. Napoleonic wars introduced large groups of inspired men-of-war while the other had provided with the sources for army

The 18th century French philosopher Denis Diderot said, Only passions, Essay - 1

The 18th century French philosopher Denis Diderot said, Only passions, considerable passions can elevate the soul to great things. Describe one of your passions and - Essay ExampleNothing is more interesting or controversial than a political sermon. It could include an across-the-fence chat with a neighbor concerning an upcoming city council vote regarding the installation of recreate bumps on area streets or an in-depth analysis of how the Magna Carta was the foundation for the U.S. Constitution. Politics are much more than exactly an interesting subject that allows people to casually converse about topics beyond the weather. Politics, whether local, national or global, shapes our lives and the lives of prospective generations. It is a dividing line that defines ideologies. To really know a person is to know where they stand politically. In addition, it is a measure of a persons general intellect and level of knowledge. I bring up the subject when on a date or meeting someone th at I plan to class with so as to ascertain the mindset of that person. I am in no way insinuating that an man-to-man who is not interested in politics possesses character flaws but I would rather spend my leave office time with people of opinion and conviction that are concerned about the greater fair.The greater good is the goal for all but the means to that end differs to varying degrees. Married couples, old friends and family members seldom completely agree when discussing politics. One should avoid controversial subjects such as religion and politics while in a social setting it has been popularly suggested. I would add, if you cannot control your emotions. Politics binds and greatly affects us all. The discussion is essential if local, national and global society is to evolve into the universally shared goal. In addition, the subject is delightful and, based solely on this fact, worthy of dialogue.My passion for politics drives me to communicate its multidimensional aspe cts effectively. Politicians seemingly ramble more importance on

Major and Career Research Paper Annotated Bibliography

Major and Career Research Paper - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe researchers note that shortage in logistics contributed to the major challenges affecting the show chain management process. The financial challenges contributed to the subjoin in demand and supply of goods and services. These shortages are operational and affect planning and controlling of supply chains. Finally, Andreas and Robert noted that the damage of logistics remains a major influence in the management of supply chains.Gadde, Hakansson and Persson focused on the supply chain companies. Their book provided a summary of twenty-five businesses in the area of selling goods and services. The book principally focused on current issues connected to the supplier of goods and services so as to produce telling supply chain networks. The report is separated into three sections, and it started by exploring the challenges that affect the supply chain management. The bit section of the book explored the different su pply chain networks from the sellers interactional perception. The part looked at the selling action and the structures of supply chain. The third part presented the boundaries in terms of the relationship between the supply networks, and how they can be designed. Finally, the book presented the efficiency of supply chains and how they can form a proper unit of summary for example, several transactions, single transaction with one give supplier or different suppliers at a given system level.These researchers completed their project in four stages whereby they conducted a literature review, interviews, survey, and conducted an analysis of the findings as well as a report. Findings indicated that with the increase in new technologies, different supply companies are presently identifying the need of investment in modern technology. They recommended that organization should adopt strategies that can adjust quickly with the increase in technological development. Organizations should a lso allow suppliers to make their own decisions

Organ Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Report - Assignment ExampleThe rate of air flow is 1.5 litres per min. it possess diverse cells such as 70-80% hepatocytes, sinusoidal epithelial cells, kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells. The show seeks to dig fall out the anatomy, physiology and the relationship between the colored and other organs in the body.The liver plays a key role in digestion process through the production of bile. The cells responsible for bile production atomic number 18 the hepatocytes. Food contain fats stimulates the duodenum to secrete cholecystokinin, which in turn stimulates the gall bladder to rel shut up bile. Bile emulsifies fats for the ease of digestion process (Mitra & Metcalf 2009). Additionally, the Kupffer cells are involved chiefly in breaking down all the worn out red blood cells. Furthermore, it stores iron after the erythrocytes are broken down (Campbell 2006).The metabolic function of the liver encompasses breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids into useful body materials (Vainer et al. 2008). Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharaides, fatty acids metabolised to produce ATP, period proteins break down to amino acids. The detoxification process involves removal of dangerous components inclusion of drugs and the rest of inactive metabolites. Moreover, the liver has a high potential in storage of essential nutrients, minerals and vitamin. It also produces vital body proteins such as pro-thrombin, albumins and fibrinogen. Most significantly, it acts as an organ contributing to the immune system via sinusoids containing Kupffer cells, a form of macrophages, phagocytic in nature. The Kuppfer cells capture and auto digest fungi, bacteria, worn out cells and other debris (Thomson et al. 2002).The stomach receives and stores pabulum as they await digestion. It does initiates the proteins digestion process, and propels food down to pass through the duodenum. The gastric secretions initiates digestion process, while pepsin

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS - fitting ExampleImpressionist majorly used asymmetrical balance in their paintings. This majorly helped them capture a good conception on immediacy. They made their paintings in such a manner that i item visually fit another item perfectly (Martin& Jacobus, 2011). Symmetry has been effectively used in Edouard Manets painting, A stripes at the Folies-Bergere. It features in few images in the painting. For example, the woman at the counter. The effect puts the lady and her job as the major aim of the painting as other objects have not been clearly brought out. Asymmetry has been effectively used in Pierre-Auguste Renoirs painting, Luncheon of the Boating Party. He focuses more on the quite a little at the table but still visibly shows that the boat had a number of people. The aim of the painter might have been to show what was served on tables apart from people just being in a party mood.If I was to purchase one of the paintings, I would choose Claude Mon ets Impression Sunrise. This is because of the tranquil smack it has to the observer. The choice of color is perfect enough to create a tranquil feeling or quite an a feeling of tenderness. The painting is so simple but speaks volumes.Arguments that might support the views of critics that emphasize that objective photographers have made interesting social documents compared to works of art are that the photos majorly footage people in their chronic circumstances. They are devoted to presenting the way of life of the deprived or needy people. In addition to that, docudrama photography is capable of motivating and enabling people to view the humankind and what happens around us. The photos keep one informed of a lot.On the other hand, documentary photographers also have made interesting nontextual matter compared to social documents. Documentary photography as an artwork has been criticized by many. Some have apprehended upon the cold and substance aspects of the

Human sex trafficing in united states Research Paper

Human sex trafficing in united states - Research Paper exerciseAs the name suggest it need not involve a movement to another localisation of function , even the street prostitution or each form of sexual exploitation come to a lower place this crime. Human sex trafficking is an insult to humanity and need to be abolished for a better world. ( Thesis)According to (Polaris project,2014) awaken trafficking occurs when people be forced or coerced into the commercial sex trade against their will. Child sex trafficking includes any child involved in commercial sex. The sex traffickers usually target people who energize vulnerable backgrounds like poor, orphans, abused people and children. They trap their victims by false promises, threats, lies, force or control. energize trafficking happens in brothels, hostess clubs, online escorts services, strip clubs and in street prostitution. Since the money involved in this trade is uplifted the victim indulges in it for benefits. The huma n sex trafficking need to be fought from the root and this is not an easy task. many a(prenominal) women from third world countries are pushed in to sex trade daily from which they cannot escape. Human trafficking is a scrap for government authorities nowadays and it not an easy task to stop it as the activity has assimilated in to the society in a complex wayHuman trafficking is a result of weakness and impuissance rather than a voluntary activity. Human sex trafficking is an evil that has many reasons .One of it is exiguity and can be seen that many victims of human sex trafficking are poor people. People living in extreme poverty are given hopes of well paid jobs and are trapped in to this commercial trade. The person make the promises is a trafficker which the victim is not aware of. They are transported to a foreign country and wherefore sexually exploited. Another reason for ending in this trade is due t o debt which they are unable to pay off. For the need of money they g et trapped in false promises and opportunities.Money is forever and a day a motivator for all the crimes and human sex

The different between prophet Moses in the Quran and in the Bible Essay

The distinguishable between illusionist Moses in the Quran and in the volume - Essay ExampleIn transgress of the similarity in terms of citing Moses in the ii texts, the Quran and the Bible have still varied narrations concerning the prophet-messengers life and miracles. This paper discusses the disagreeences in picturing out Moses between the Quran text and the Bible text. It examines their variations with respect to the prophets (1) birth, (2) encountering the eager pubic hair, (3) facing the Pharaoh, (4) dividing the Red Sea, (5) striking the rock, and (6) reaction to Israelites idolatry. First, the Quran and the Bible have different detailed narratives concerning the birth of Moses. In the Quran, for instance, the text informs its readers that it was Allah who instructed the mother of Musa (Islams name for Moses) to cast him onto the river water. In the Bible, however, the text suggests that it was the mother of the said prophet who decided to hide Moses for three months since she saw him that he was a goodly child (Ben-Chanan 103). Here, the main difference between the two texts under discussion is the decision-maker who opted on what to do with the prophet-child. It must be remembered that the historical circumstance in which the baby Moses was born was that every Hebrew male child must be put to death by the order of the Egyptian pharaoh himself. Both the Quran and the Bible appear to support, although implied, this historical account. In the former (i.e., in Sura), the words of Firons married woman -- Islams Firon is equal to Christians Pharaoh -- are strongly indicative Do not slay him i.e., Musa (qtd. in Ben-Chanan 100). And in the last mentioned (i.e., in Exodus), the words of Moses mother is clearly suggestive hid him three months (qtd. in Ben-Chanan 101). The term hid implies danger for individuals life, otherwise, there is no need for hiding that person from the sight of the enemy. Further, the Quran and the Bible significantly differ from the account pertaining to the woman who adopted baby Moses. In the Quran text, the woman who took Moses as her own child was the wife of Firon. In the Bible, on the other hand, the woman who adopted the prophet-child was the daughter of the Pharaoh. Moreover, the Quran narrates Firons wife as uttering the musical note do not slay him while the Bible speaks of the Pharaohs daughter saying she had compassion on him. That is to say, the two texts also vary on the impression made by the woman who adopted the prophet-child. Second, the two texts in question have varied narratives concerning Moses experienced with the burning bush. In the Quran, for example, the text speaks of Musa beingness with his family at the time when he saw the fire. According to the Bible, however, Moses was alone by himself when he sighted the burning bush (Ben-Chanan 114). Thence, the difference between the two texts is the company or solitude that the said prophet was with or without. Also, the Quran na mes the place in which Musa was standing on the sacred ground with the burning bush as Tuva Valley while the Bible names the location as Horeb (Ben-Chanan 114). It appears that the two place-names are removed from similar, thus, the two texts vary from their accounts of the terrain wherein the prophet was standing on the holy ground one is in the vale while the other is on the mountain. Moreover, the Quran and the Bible have different stories pertaining to the role of Aaron in Moses

Sweatshop labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sweatshop labor - Essay frameworkThe facts be evidenced in how 7 percent of trade around the globe today is with contrive goods. (Thomas, p 2). This type of manufacture of goods is involved with such tragedies as child labor, abusive conditions, along with ties to terrorism and organized crime. Law mentions how counterfeiting results in much than just low wages, but in manipulation and funneling of monies into extrajudicial activities that pose as significant threats to society as a whole (Thomas, p. 2)Conditions that children workers be made to pay are horrific by any reasonable persons standard. In fact, it should shock the scruples of U.S. consumers and businesspeople alike. unmatchable example that Dana Thomas found in Thailand was a plant that had young children who were be forced to make counterfeit handbags for sale to the more developed lands such as the United States. The children had their legs on purpose disquieted by sweatshop owners and placed in such a manne r that no healing of the broken limbs would occur. The owners did this to force the children to work against their will in the production of counterfeit goods (Thomas, p.1).Advanced nations like America are contributing to the problem of sweatshop labor and seeking low cost goods at the expense of human wellness and decency issues. This is a major society problem as Jim Hightower points to in his article The Price of Cheap Goods. One issue that Hightower points out is that America has such a demand for low-cost labor that critical safeguards for workers are being ignored or bypassed simply due to economic demand and pressure for ever more cheaper labor costs and higher profits for the American based companies (Hightower, p.1)One example that Hightower mentions is that research at one Hong Kong area factory discovered that the workers at the plant will break or

Is solar energy a viable option for the future Research Paper

Is solar energy a viable option for the future - Research Paper ExampleA passive solar alkali harnesses the sunrays without use of mechanical and galvanizing devices such as heat pumps, or electrical controls to move and distribute the heat. The key to designing a passive solar home is to best take advantage of what the local climate has to offer. Passive solar techniques are easily incorpo prized into new home designs however, existing buildings can be adapted to suck up and store solar heat. Passive solar homes can incorporate heat through immediately happen upon of the sunrays, indirect gain or Thrombe beleaguers, and the use of isolated gain or sun spaces. In the direct gain method, sunlight enters the home plate through south facing windows with a glazing application made of unequivocal glass. The sun then hits brick flooring or masonry walls that are typically dark colors, to absorb the heat. Then as the post cools down at night, the heat is transferred into the room for several hours. Some passive homes use piddle barrels placed in strategic locations to catch the sun heat. It is then transferred into the room as the home cools down at night. Water stores twice as much heat as masonry per cubic clean of volume. Water tanks do require some maintenance, since water does not support itself. The tanks require periodic intervention to prevent alga growth. The amount of passive solar in a particular area depends on how large the area of glazing and amount of thermic luck. The glazing area determines how much heat can be collected. The thermal mass determines how much heat can be stored. If the thermal mass is not large enough, the house could overheat. The ratio of thermal mass to glazing has to be determined by the climate in which you live. Thermal mass must also be insulated in order to retain the stored heat as long as possible. Loss of thermal heat is especially prominent when the thermal mass is directly connected to the grease or in conta ct with outside air. The temperature around the thermal mass needs to remain at or above the temperature of the thermal mass itself. Even if you live in a simple house with south-facing windows without thermal mass, you still have potential passive solar elements. This is called solar-tempering. To make best use of this role of passive solar heating, install window treatments that reduce nighttime heat loss and prevent hot up during the summer months. The indirect gain method or Thrombe walls are the most commonly used method. The wall is usually 8-16 inches thick, masonry wall, and on the south side of the house. Then either a single or threefold layer of glass is mounted one inch or less in front of the wall. solar heat is then absorbed by the dark color of the wall and then the heat is transferred into the financial support area. The Trombe releases the heat into the home over a period of several hours. The heat collected usually reaches its highest temperatures in the late a fternoon. When the outside temperatures drop, the wall radiates heat into the room. Heat travels through a brick wall at the rate of one hour per inch. Therefore, heat absorbed in an 8 inch thick brick wall at 1200 noon will enter the living space of the home around 800 p.m. So if your highest temperatures are collected in the brick wall at 400 in the afternoon, the heat will be transferred to the living area at 1200 midnight. The third

Research Proposal Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Proposal Approach - stress ExampleThe formulation of organizations strategic plan does not necessarily mean it is pursue strategic alignment (Akpan, 2007). Therefore, this airfield seeks to align Walmarts strategic plan with its operations.Strategic alignment in this study means the alignment of companys goals with internal and outside factors to earn competitive advantages. The heading of this strategic alignment is to enhance Walmarts business operation and it plan. It will make the goals clear, flexible, attainable, and in furrow with the overall companys objectives. This study will attempt to align Wal-Marts mission, vision, and people strategies and esteem statements with the proposed strategic plan. Walmarts mission is Save money, live better and its vision is respect for the individuals service to our customer and striving for excellence (Walmart, 2015). Also, there are value statements such as Everyday Low Prices (EDLP) (Walmart, 2015).This study will start b y defining Wal-Mart because it will be the focus of the strategic plan. It is a utility(prenominal) research. The secondary research draws heavily on available data (Akpan, 2007). There are two types of teaching that are needed for the purpose of strategic planning. The study requires internal milieu data and external environment data. The Wal-Marts internal environment entails factors and characteristics that indicate its strengths and weaknesses. The sources that will generate this information include companys financial statements and reviews, and employees views from previous studies. Employees views are important because they will make the study not to disconnect the schema and operational reality.The external environment entails factors and characteristics that indicate Wal-Marts opportunities and threats. The sources of that will generate data and information for external environment analysis are statistical studies academic institutions, trade

Postmodern Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

postmodern Design - Essay ExampleOne manner in which postmodern jewellery may dissent from that which came before is the use to which it is put and its place within the wardrobe of the person who wears it. Thus Virpilatis, the Lithuanian jewellery designer, consciously creates jewelry suitable for e preciseday useThis is essentially the opposite of the traditional view of jewelry, in which it is characterized as a precious, fragile and thoroughly dead object that must be preserved from use. In Virpilatiss view, the jewelry becomes part of the wearer and thus, like the rest of his/her clothes, and the person himself, subject to everyday use.The postmodern attitude towards jewelry counters the hierarchy of materials that exists within traditional jewelry. Thus diamonds and platinum are valorized over simple stones and steel. Within postmodern design all materials are of equal value, and the finished work does not depend upon any esthetic sense of beauty, but rather function or intel lectual ideas. Thus Virpilatis uses raw amber, charge plate and numbers of metal that he picks up off the street.Simplicity of design is another feature of postmodern jewelry that enables the wearer and the observer to inculcate their own essence into the piece without influence from the outside. Consider the followingIt is a wristband and yet it appears to select a ring of some... Consider the following(Chateau, 2006)It is a bangle and yet it appears to have a ring of some kind attached to it. Both bangle and ring are very simple, almost primitive in nature. One without the other would perhaps be of litter interest, but unneurotic they form a whole that is beyond their individual elements. The wearer/observer is able to attach their own meaning to the piece without being forced into an interpretation by the designer. Another piece, that combines elements of many different cultural forms, is called, curiously enough Vegan Erotica(Vegan Erotica, 2006)A sense of humor is perhaps seldom associated with jewelry, let alone the practically earnest intellectual origins of postmodernism, but here an element of humor most definitely exists. The name of the piece, which is in reality too small to be a traditional punk dog-collar piece (and too large to be a bangle/bracelet) juxtaposes the pure, almost sterile images of vegan with the entirely opposite images raised by erotica. In a sense, in contrast to the other pieces already discussed, there is an overload of information and interpretations possible for the piece of jewelry.Juxtaposition of images occurs in the following piece of jewelry(Dark Poison Victorian Cross)The mixture of crucifix and strap design makes a startling combination. Again, the two parts of the piece make a whole more(prenominal) than the two would possess if separate. But there is no seamless combination of the elements but rather harsh, ostensibly unconsidered joining that accentuates the fact that the two pieces were not designed toget her. This is perhaps the most pristine definition of postmodernism. It is deliberately unaesthetic, and yet powerful at the

Socrates and his theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates and his theories - set about ExampleContrary to other philosophers, Socrates devoted his life to serve his people without charging fees (Plato 34). Therefore, to state that Socrates had no or little participation of democracy in Athenian government is entirely true. Socrates perceived participatory homunculus of governance as corrupt, unjust, and he profoundly differed with its ideologies. As a philosopher, Socrates believed in practicality and critical thinking in order for one to improve his or her life. He argue the idea of the majority being in government, which is one of the fundamentals that form a democratic government. According to Pericles, Socrates lack of recognition in comparability through participation of the majority makes him less a democratic citizen (Plato 40). Cleon as portrayed by Thucydides was a diligent supporter of the democratic system of government. In his vernacular Cleon, upholds the negative aspects of the Athenian rules. Cleon strongly bel ieved that anyone who opposed the Athenian government is subject to punishment (Thucydides 25). Cleon delivered his speech opposing the Mytilenian revolt against Athens. In his speech, Cleon emphasized on certain aspects of democracy discussed by Pericles in his famous funeral oration. These aspects include the implementation of the death row sentence. It is my whim that as much as Cleon convinced Athenians through his speech that democracy is the answer to peace, order and equality. However, it is vital to consider the opinion of the minority for democracy to be effective and sufficient. Socrates did not support Athenian democratic government because of its ignorance of the minority. In fact, he considered it a tool of oppression. Socrates would highly disagree with Cleons speech bountiful of egotistical claims in favor of democratic government. This is because in his speech Cleon does not mention the installation of object lesson values among the citizens to ensure orderliness . Rather, he emphasizes on the execution of the law whether it is just or bias (Thucydides 30). His speech contrasts Socrates belief in the power of knowledge and critical thinking as opposed to following and fortune the law blindly (Plato 56). In his speech Diodotus, stressed on the importance of reason before implementing a rule. Diodotus urges the Athenian parliament to reason and strategize before passing a judgment on the Mytilenian revolution. Diodotus opposed Cleon who stood by the rules of law. It is my understanding that Diodotus realized that strategy and tact are essential in implementation of power or rules. As in the case of Athens, they faced a challenge in integrating the other states in their system of governance. This was result of lack of strategy and tact (Thucydides 50). Diodotus in his speech argued that by wise reasoning Athenians would subtly subdue the other states without the use of force. Diodotus argument concurs with Socrates principles of governance and power. Just like Diodotus, Socrates believed in keen-witted conflict solving methods. Moreover, in his theories Socrates states that, through critical reasoning, a state can achieve anything it intends to aim without the use of force. Socrates also believed in knowledge as a tool for personal development. However, Diodotus and Socrates differed in scathe of participation in politics. Diodotus was an active figure in policy making while Socrates concerned himself with encyclopedism of knowledge (Kamtekar 80). In the case of the Mytilenian debate, Diodotus

Identify and analyse those factors which are used by Pakistani TV Essay

Identify and analyse those component parts which are used by Pakistani TV viewers to differentiate against the local TV transfersin favour of the Indian contains - Essay ExampleDiversity basically displays the honour for the audience, it shows that every member in the audience is equally important and the point would want to cater to individually and every individual. It is also a great tool to retain the viewers to a particular channel as they now have different things to look forward to rather than the monotonous programming (Onah & Anyanwu, 1988). intromission is the main tool to attract audiences people always appreciate innovation and hard work. It creates a superstar of curiosity among the audience and forces them to keep coming back to the channel people would stick to one channel if they are offered something out of the ordinary after certain time intervals (Alpert, 1992). The perception of being innovative gives the channel a positive word of mouth among the viewers, this becomes the source of advertisement for the channel, and people would prefer check offing a channel that was recommended by their peers rather than some critics recommendation or even a conventional advertisement.One of the major factors that impart loose viewers to other channels is the lack of originality channels in their urge to be recognized as innovative get carried away at clock and start copying which is not appreciated by the majority as the me too approach appears to be an act of desperation especially in case of T.V. channels. People switch channels and choose to watch one over the other in search for something different hence a perception of not being original can harm the channels business as people willing not even bother having a look at it thinking there will be nothing different that the other channel is not showing. Hence originality is also a judging and differentiating factor among the audience between the channels (Benesch, Frey, & Stutzer, 2006).In tel evision industry there have been several advancements in the past few years

Gastric Bypass Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gastric Bypass - Term Paper ExampleGastric break has also been obstinate to be more than effective than dieting in case of diabetic patients. In addition, other conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, high blood pressure, gastroesophageal disease and heart disease risk fall in also found to improve with fish loss. However, the surgery is also associated with many risks. Hence, following a endureic outflank, an individual will be able to feel lighter and more efficient (Bhimji). Gastric bypass surgery is mainly performed to help people reduce weight only in case of cogent people who are unable to lose weight through diet and exercise. However, this bypass surgery does not guarantee permanent weight loss as both diet restrictions and exercise should be move even after surgery. The surgery is mainly recommended for individuals who are mentally strong with an inclination to reduce weight and stay healthy and who do not consume alcohol or other drugs. In addition, their syste m mass index (BMI) should be more than 40 as these individuals tend to have a light speed pound excess weight than others. In cases where the BMI is 35 or more and if the individual suffers from problems such as apnea, diabetes and heart problems surgery is recommended for these individuals (Bhimji). Any type of gastric bypass surgery involves two basic travel the brook is first shortened into a shorter upper region, which is referred to as a pouch, and a larger disgrace section with the help of staples and then a bypass is made between the lower end of the jejunum of the bittie intestine and a hole created in the pouch. As the jejunum is the region of the atomic intestine that connects it to the stomach, food ingress the small pouch of the stomach will now enter the jejunum bypassing the remaining larger portion of the stomach (Bhimji). There are two major types of gastric bypass surgery, the most commonly performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) and extensive gastric bypass surgery (biliopancreatic diversion). The first type of surgery involves connecting the pouch region of the stomach with the lower end of the jejunum thus bypassing the duodenum and the initial portion of the jejunum. This procedure is now effectively carried out by laparoscopy, which is a less invasive procedure involving smaller incisions and the recovery time is also rapid (Goldstone). transparent surgical instruments are passed via a laparoscope to carry out the bypass. Both the hospital stay and the recovery completion are quicker along with the advantage of reduced pain and lesser scars from the surgery (Bhimji). The extensive bypass procedure is a more complicated surgery in which the lower portion of the stomach is outside completely and the small pouch region of the stomach is directly connected to the last segment of the small intestine thereby bypassing both the duodenum and the jejunum regions. While this method aids in weight loss more effectively, it is also associa ted with nutritional deficiencies to the lack of absorption of important nutrients (Goldstone). Both the above surgeries are carried out infra general anesthesia. Following the surgery the size of the stomach will be considerably reduced and satiety levels will be reached with lesser food intake (Bhimji). Despite the various advantages associated with the surgery, it also suffers from several risks encountered both during the surgery or post-surgery. The risk of surgery increases if the individual is unable to walk even for short distances, in case

Swot Crayola Essay Example for Free

Swot Crayola EssayCrayola Manufacturing is a 120 year old company that makes safe, dependable strat sequencem supplies for children. Beca workout virtually consumers decl atomic number 18 never heard of Binney metalworker, the Crayola maker changed its name in 2007 to reflect its brand name. Crayola has many a(prenominal) different lines of products as well as services, which vary from just crayons and markers. They produce 3 billion crayons a year, plus craft and character licensed activities. Crayola began as Binney Smith back in 1885 when Joseph Binney partnered with his son and nephew. Binney and Smith sold their first Crayola crayons in 1903, when a box of eight cost only a nickel. The undersized business began in New York and moved to Easton, Pennsylvania (where they remain today), producing the dustless chalk. In 1958 the Crayola 64-crayon box, which included 16 new(a) colors and a built-in sharpener, made its debut on the Captain Kangaroo Show. This Crayola box b ecame part of the embodied history and experiences of generations of Americans, and a symbol of the color and fun of childhood. Crayola estimates that the average U. S. child wears down 730 crayons by age ten.And, in the same spirit, the Smithsonian Institutions National M uptakeum of American History placed an actual 1958 Crayola 64-crayon box and an assortment of twentieth century Crayola advertising in the permanent collection of the Division of Cultural History. The companys products are packaged in many languages and are sold worldwide. Safety in art materials was the main focus for Crayola resulting in non-toxic colors. Crayola in any case has a creative factory and offers services for creative minds to run free and party space eliminateiness with all of their branded products.In 1984 Hallmark grease ones palmsd Crayola and has kept the company on top of their industry with products ranging on a wide scale from markers, pencils, chalk, watercolors to silly putty and even ornaments and die cast collectables. Strengths Crayola is a acknowledge and highly trusted brand name and logo. In fact, 98 out of every 100 Americans get along it. Children age 2-10, their gull merchandise, love Crayola products and have selective demand for it. Children demand the products and then influence their parents to purchase them. The Crayola brand name is synonymous with high quality and high brand loyalty. They are a world(prenominal) company, with a wide spectrum of individuals who use Crayola products all over the world. Crayola has built up a highly successful distribution system. Their products are available everywhere, including grocery stores, drug stores, Internet gross sales, hospitals, doctors offices, trails, gas stations, airports, theme parks, hotels and restaurants. They sell sell and also in bulk to organizational buyers at a lower cost. Schools all over the US and in other countries like The UK, Canada, Australia, and Mexico all utilize Crayola art materials. Crayolas website is geared for children, parents, and educators. They provide free ideas for crafts and printable coloring pages. The website is used for booking, ordering, promotional information, marketing, and more. Crayola even provides advice on how to remove stains on their official website. Crayola is well-established due to their plan (keeping the company out of saturation and turn away). Crayola has been in service for many years and knows how to cater to the needs of the consumer. Crayola is continuously building new products and the growth targets many individual needs.Crayola also developed art products that emphasized worldwide diversity by launching Crayola My World multicultural crayons. The company hoped that by using crayons, markers, paints, and modeling compounds that reflected the transmutation of skin tones, children would build a positive sense of self as well as prize for cultural diversity. Crayolas price range is reflective of their co re target market, middle and lower upper programme Americans and their products are priced competitively with their major competitor, Rose Art. The consumer feels that the price reflects the quality. Crayola uses all non-toxic, child-safe materials that are cost effective and efficient. They use a variety of colors with fun memorable names, which appeal to children and adults. Crayola is environmentally friendly as well. They have scented products for sensory skills. They have easy grip products for motor skills. They have licensing deals with major childrens characters, including all Disney characters, and jukebox characters, which increases their appeal to children. The majority of their retail promotion consists of television commercials, magazine ads, and point of purchasedisplays.Their promotion impacts and targets children principally and foremost, however, it is a pull strategy to create an influence purchase by the parents. In most bad retail stores, Crayola has their o wn aisle Weaknesses In addition to its Ink Tank line, Crayola serves the professional market with its Portfolio series collection of color pencils, oil pastels, and acrylic paints. Because they are most well-known for childrens art products, they have insofar to achieve high market share in this division, and most art professionals do not use Crayola products. Crayola launched an unsuccessful line of childrens clothing in the 1980s, and it was scaled back to include only newborn layette sets. In 2007 they launched a test market campaign for Crayola branded bottled water, which was also unsuccessful, as consumers were hesitant to buy it because they expect that the water would actually taste like crayons. Also in the late 1980s sales began to decline due to increased competition and the company began to slip into saturation, they began a campaign to increase demand by urging parents to purchase a fresh box. Crayolas attempt to build a solar power prove was sidelined in 2008.The y intended the power plant be used to help run their manufacturing facility in Pennsylvania, however, they have run into problems finding partners to make it a reality. Crayola still ranks behind in sales and market share in their marker product line. In 2007, Sanford Sharpie had a 31% market share, with sales (at Wal-Mart) of $56 million, while Crayola had a 22% market share, with sales of $37 million (at Wal-Mart). Opportunities In 2009 they introduced both innovative lines of products for babies and toddlers including products that allow babies to explore colors even before they can use a crayon.The products for toddlers are large enough so that they can grasp them, and even color in the bathtub, which allows for easy new up, therefore appealing to the primary purchaser, parents. In July 2009 Crayola launched a school social media campaign on chirrup and Facebook. It is geared towards moms (their core purchaser) and features innovative ways to be creative and save money durin g back to school shopping. In the spring of 2009 they created a summer wellness campaign to encourage children to play outside more. Threats With the coming of computers and web based learning, sales of crayons are projected to decrease as children leave behind hand held art supplies at a younger and younger age. Its called KGOY-kids growing older younger, and many companies have suffered because of it, most recognizable is Mattel, the maker of Barbie dolls. In the 1990s the average age of a child in their target market was 10 years old, and in 2000 it dropped to 3 years old. As children reach the age of quaternity and five, old enough to play on the computer, they become less interested in toys and crayons and begin to go for electronics such as cell phones and video games.Crayola is slowly falling victim to the same phenomena, how will they pioneer to overcome this? In the downturned economy, parents and schools are spending less on school supplies. A survey from Deloitte gi ve that 64% of consumers said they would spend less on school purchases. Nationwide, parents plan to spend an average of $548 to organise their children back to school and estimates range from a decline of 7. 7%, forecast by the National retail Federation, to as much as 12% in 2009, according to Americas Research Group.

The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market Essay Example for Free

The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market EssayIn previous years, beers core segmentation was age group 21-27, this demographic bottomed out in the late 1990s to early cc0s, but projections argon showing that this core demographic impart be the top demographic again by 2010 according to beerprofit. com. Studies have shown the 40% of the adult market are expected to be regular beer consumers by 2011. This paper will discuss Medelos internationalist expanding upon through strategic partnerships, next steps into a foreign market for Modelo, challenges from InBev, Modelos direct competitor, and whether Modelo should shine its business. (HTB, 2008)Modelos International expansion with Strategic Partnerships Grupo Modelo is the biggest brewer in Mexico and is based in Mexico City. Model has strengthened several breweries in states throughout Mexico for logistics, warehousing and transportation strategies. Grupo Model best known product is Corona, temporary hookup it best exchan ge brand is Corona Light. Within Mexico, their biggest selling brand is Modelo Especial which is a exchange premium pale lager thats more comparcapable in quality to Dos XX than its lightweight Corona. close beers sold in Mexico are standard light bodied lager brews that are similar to U.S. and Canadian lagers. Especial are sometimes viewed as a premium brands, while Pacifico has a certain seal on the Pacific coast, and Corona and Sol are both super light bodied brands with particoloured labels and that appeal to a fun in the sun kind of marketing mentality. In 1985, Grupo Modelo started exploring other markets, first-year Canada and Japan, and later on on Australia and New Zealand. In 1989, the organization moved into Europe when an office in capital of Belgium was opened, later Russia, Africa and Latin America, the Modelo brands are present in 159 countries.In 1997, Anheuser-Busch and Grupo Modelo agreed to purchase 37% of the brewer to gain some revenue and capital opportuni ties for Modelo. Under the agreement, Anheuser-Busch has invested $605 million, bringing its total investment in Mexicos largest beer lodge to more than $1 billion. The agreement likewise allowed for Anheuser-Busch to acquire another 17% at a later date. In 2003, Anheuser-Busch acquired a 17. 7 percent direct and indirect interest in Grupo Modelo and its subsidiary, Diblo, S. A. for $477 million. This gave Anheuser-Busch financial fancy everywhere the Modelo.By 1996, the acquisition was complete. Our taking a larger stake in Modelo is advantageous for both companies, said Anheuser-Busch Chairman of the Board and President August A. Busch III. Grupo Modelo is a well-managed high society with a great heritage. Mexico is a key market in our overall approach to globalizing our company. There is great potential in the Mexican beer market. Our association with Modelo will help grow that market and enhance our already strong relationship with the Mexican-American community. (Chalmers , 2009) Grupo Modelos Next Foreign Market and StrategyIn 2005, Grupo Modelo and Anheuser-Busch agreed to import Modelos beers into china, the worlds largest beer market, the Mexico City-based Grupo Modelo, who is half-owned by Anheuser-Busch and exclusive importer of Anheuser-Buschs brands in Mexico, including Budweiser and Bud Light. Grupo Modelo holds 62. 8 percent of the total beer market share in Mexico as of Dec. 31, 2005. The agreement with Anheuser-Busch for China covered Corona Extra as well as other Grupo Modelo brands to be distributed in the future. apart(predicate) of the strategy was to expand Corona Extra.Corona Extra is the No. 1 Mexican beer sold in the world and the most popular imported beer in the U. S. , regardless of origin. This new partnership ideally complements the international strategy that Modelo has successfully implemented for several decades, said Carlos Fernandez, chairman and CEO of Grupo Modelo, in a statement. Grupo Modelo exports cardinal brand s with a presence in more than 150 countries. (Chalmers, 2006) The Challenges from InBev InBev, the largest beer company in the world produces over 200 beer brands produced and sold throughout the world.Its flagship brands are Budweiser, Stella Artois, Brahma, Becks and Leffe. InBev has operations in over 30 countries and sales in over 130 countries. In 2006 it had a market capitalization of 30. 6 billion and net profit of 3. 2 billion on sales of 13. 3 billion. InBev was created in 2004 from the merger of the Belgian company Interbrew and the Brazilian company AmBev. Before the merger with Ambev, Interbrew was the third largest brewing company in the world by volume, Anheuser-Busch was the largest, followed by SABMiller in second place.Heineken International was in tetradth place and AmBev was the worlds fifth largest brewer. On June 12, 2008, InBev announced that it has made a US$46 billion offer for the brewing firm Anheuser-Busch. This merger joined two of the worlds four large st brewing companies (based on revenue) and created a company that brews three of the top beers in the world Bud Light, Budweiser and Skol. InBev also stated that the merger would not result in any U. S. brewery closures and they would also attempt to keep on management and board members from both companies.On Sunday, July 13, 2008, Anheuser-Busch announced that they had agreed to an acquisition by InBev valued at about US$52 billion in cash, or $70 per share. As a condition, InBev will be renamed AB-InBev and Anheuser-Busch would retain two seats on the board of directors. This created a problem for Modelo because Anheiser-Busch has acquired a 51% stake in 2003. Even though the deal was crafted so that Modelo could buy back its majority interest. afterward the announcement of the AB InBev merger, Modelo sued it US Constellation partner who is partnered with InBev so the InBev could assume a hostile putsch of the company.That arbitration is ongoing. (Kesmodel, 2009) Should Grupo M odelo Diversify its Business? While Modelo still ranks as the 4th largest brewer behind AB-Inbev, SABMiller, Heiniken International, it is the only when brewer controls 65%+ in its home country. The other bottlers have found fortune in diversifying into foods, Modelo may be best served with an expansion into other products to boost its name and brand. SABMiller is the outsource bottler Coca Cola Africa. Pepsi has grow into other brands by acquiring Gatorade, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Oats.Its side brands now account for 55% of of its revenue. Modelo could be discontinue served acquiring established food brands or international food processing plants. AB-InBev has diversified, SABMiller has diversified. Heineken has diversified by isolate its beer brands to different markets Europe, Asia, Americas, Caribbean, and South America. With the top selling single beer product in the world, the company can form some momentum based on that product. Conclusion Grupo Model is poised to take a material place in the world market.It is known the throughout the bottle world for its robust and efficient processes. It has been able to expand into foreign markets while keeping its signature product as the calculate one selling product in the world. It has been able to merge with the largest beer company in the world and still keep it operative control over its products and withstand competitive challenges from direct competitors seeking to penetrate its principal markets. With the establishment of the number one brand beer, Modelo seems poised to leverage its brand into different markets and diversifications.

Evolution and religion Essay Example for Free

organic growth and godliness Essay Science with unwrap trust is lame, religion without acquirement is blind , say Albert Einstein. This essay concentrates on evolution, religion, and creationism. In the first phase these be defined, and later their relationships and contr oversies atomic number 18 discussed. A conclusive statement is made a the end. maturationThe hypothesis of evolution by inseparable selection was first put forth by Charles Darwin in his book, on the origin of species, in 1859. In 1930s Darwinian natural selection was combined with Mendelian inheritance to form the modern evolutionary synthesis. With its enormous explanatory power, this scheme provides a unifying process to diversity of spirit on earth. Evolution is the change in a populations inherited traits, from generation to generation. These traits be encoded as genes that atomic number 18 copied and passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations and other random changes in the ge nes goat produce new or altered traits, resulting in difference betwixt organisms. Evolution occurs when these different traits become more(prenominal) h atomic number 53y oil or sublime in a population. This happens through with(predicate) and through genetic drift and is base on the reproductive value of traits through natural selection.Under natural selection organisms with traits that help them to survive and reproduce tend to prevail more off springs. In doing so, they will pass more copies of inheritable beneficial traits on to the next generation. This leads to profitable traits becoming more common in each generation, while disadvantageous traits become rarer. Over time, this exercise can result in varied adaptations to environmental conditions. As differences in populations accumulate, new species may evolve. only known species have descended from a single ancestral gene pool through this process of gradual divergence.According to possibility of evolution, fla vour on Earth started its journey over 3 billion long time ago, when oxygenic photosynthesis emerged, which made development of aerobic cellular respiration possible around 2 billion old age ago. In the last billion years, multi cellular plants and animals began to appear in oceans. The Cambrian explosion originated entirely major body plans of modern animals. About 450 million years ago ( mya) plants and fungi colonized the land, and were soon followed by anthropods and other animals. Amphibians first appeared around 300 mya, followed by reptiles and mammals around 200 mya, and birds around 100 mya. The tender genus arose around 2 mya, while the earliest modern worldly concern lived 200 thousand years ago.This possibility states that every last(predicate) organisms on Earth have descended from a common ancestral gene pool. Evidence for this is inferred from traits shared out between all living organisms. In Darwins days, this statement was based on visible bill of morpholog ic similarities. Today genetic accomplishment has proved this. For example, every living cell makes use of nucleic acids as its genetic material and uses the same 20 amino acids as the building blocks of proteins. The universality of these traits suggest common ancestry. The roots of evolution theory were laid by Charles Darwin in 1858. He could non propose all working mechanism for inheritance. This was provided by Mendel in 1865, who proved that distinct traits were inherited in a come up defined and predictable piece of musicner.( Evolution )ReligionA religion is a set of beliefs and practices generally held by human community involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals, and study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, mythology, personal credence and mystic consider. It is in like manner depict as a communal system for the coherence of belief center on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be necromantic, sacred, divine or of the highest truth. Moral codes, values, practices, institutions, traditions, rituals and scriptures are often associated with the core belief. Religion is also soak upd as a way of smelltime . in that location are number of models in which religions come into being and develop. Broadly these models fall into three categories 1) Those which see religion as social construction 2) Those which see religion as progressing towards higher, objective truth 3) Those which see busy religion as absolute truth Creationism Creationism is the belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the Universe were entirely created by a uncanny deity, God. His existence is presupposed. The term creationism is often employ to describe the belief that creation occurred typographical errorly as depict in the book Genesis, for Christians and the Jews, and in Quran, for Muslims.In Christian context, m whatever creationists adopt a literal interpretation of the Biblical narratives an d say that Bible provides a factual figure, given from the perspective of only one who was in that location to witness it at that time God. Almost all churches teach that God created the Cosmos. Biblical creationism readys fellowship of God central in pursuit of knowledge of anything, as everything comes from God. It says nonhing somewhat the mechanisms by which anything was created. No systematic or scientific inquiry was made into the validity of the text. Christian creationism id categorized into many types.These are Young Earth creationism. This is inclusive of modern geocentrism, Omphalos hypothesis, and creation light. Old Earth creationism. This includes Gap creationism, Day-age creationism, and imperfect tense creationism. Theistic creationism Neo-creationism, which includes tidy design. turn Christian and Islamic creationism are almost similar. Hindu creationism believes that all creatures including humans undergo repeated cycles of creation and destruction. Th e Hindu view of the cosmos is cyclic. ( Creationism ) Evolution and religion Religion is based on beliefs and experience is based on proofs and evidences. The theory of evolution is backed by scientific proofs and is considered science beyond any doubt.The relationship between religion and science takes many forms as both are extremely broad. They employ different methods and address different questions. The scientific method adopts an objective approach to measure, calculate, and describe the natural, physical, material universe. ghostly methods are more subjective, relying on notions about authority, intuition, belief in supernatural, individual experience and reasoned observations about life or the universe, or a combination of all these.Science attempts to answer the how and what of observable and verifiable phenomena, religion attempts to answer the why question of values, morals, and spirituality. Both employ different methods to limit answers to different questions. ( ra ce). A noteworthy dissimilarity between the two is that religion has been existing since ages, whereas science is in like manner young. The earliest civilizations of human species have been worshipping a supernatural force, which was later named as God by Christianity and eachah by Islam. The two most popular religions of todays world may be a fewer thousand years old only, but the concept of religion is as old as man himself.In opposition, the modern day science is hardly a few hundred years old. All the modern scientific theories and discoveries on which the world is thriving today, occurred after the renaissance era in Europe. thither are two distinct views regarding relationship between religion and science. One known as non-overlapping magisteria, described by Stephen Jay Gould states that both deal with fundamentally separate aspects of human experience and so when each girdle within its own domain, they can co-exist peacefully. The other view known as conflict thesis, w hich is not to the appetite of historians but retains popular appeal, holds that science and religion inevitably compete for authority over the constitution of reality.Here, religion has been gradually losing a war with science as scientific expressions become more powerful, acceptable and widespread. ( Relationship ) Evolution theory gives answers to various how life evolved and developed on this earth. Its domain is limited to developing and proving the existence of a common genetic pool from which different species came into existence. On the other hand the combined domain of all the religions of this world is almost infinite. Answers to questions which science cannot answer are given by religion. The contents of theory of evolution are limited whereas that of all the religions combined are limitless. For example, evolution theory cannot give a able answer to the origins of universe or the starting point of life. It just assumes that there was a pool of genes from which all fo rms of life have descended.Religion explains that there exists a supernatural force, which is not seen by anyone and the existence of which can never be proved in a scientific way, which created the Big Bang. Science assumes that this was the get down of universe. Religion does have answers to questions which cannot be answered by any scientific theory. The theory of evolution has no lead about soul, which is globally accepted as a part of our body, while all religions of this world have clear answers to any question regarding soul. All scientific knowledge, if summed up, is like a small drop in an ocean of summed up knowledge offered by all religions on this world.If religion is based on assumptions, tear down science has assumptions at its base. Evolution is limited to various aspects of life on this planet. For any religion this is a very small chapter in a huge book. Religion not only touches the various aspects of how life developed, but numerous other topics also. As mentio ned above, religion is a way of life and hence its perceptions are much broader than the evolution theory, touching the living and the non-living also. Conflicts between religion and evolution arise when religious fundamentalists go down to accept the scientifically proved facts.This is true for Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States. They are precisely not ready to deviate from the Biblical teachings that God is the overlord of all things and He runs the show. They tend to shake off one important point that Darwin has never touched the debate on why evolution occurred. He has simply found answers to how it happened. The authority of God, or for that matter teaching of any religion is never questioned by the theory of evolution. As a matter of fact, there are ample proofs available which convince us that the scientific community also accepts and favors the theory of a super natural power.Writes Lovgren Stefan in his obligate in National geographical news, Some of historys greatest scientific minds, including Albert Einstein, were convinced that there is in sortigent life behind the universe. Today many scientists say that there is no conflict between their assurance and their work. He further writes, the scientific evidence for evolution is overwhelming. Yet, in 2001 Gallup poll, 45% of USA adults said that they believe evolution has played no role in shaping humans. Darwin never said anything about God.Many scientists and theologians maintain that it would be perfectly logical to think that a divine being used evaluation as a method to create the world. The article further argues , there is no way to explain religious organized religion scientifically. It is hard to envision a test that can tell the difference between the universe created by God, and the one that appeared without God. But why did the universe exist at all ? This is a question which religion is particularly good at answering. The same article has a report by Ted Sargent, a nano-technology expert at the University of Toronto. Even as science progresses in its reductionist fashion moving towards deeper, simpler and more elegant understanding of particles and forces, there will still anticipate a why, at the end. Why are the rules the way they are ? This is where people will examine God . Stefan comments, To many scientists, this discoveries may not be that different from religious revelations. Scientific advancements may even draw scientists closer to religion. ( Lovgren Stefan ) Conversely, religious fundamentalists should also accept the fats which are proven beyond any doubt. This establishes a harmony between religion and evolution. Evolution and creationism The conflict between the believers in evolution theory and creationism is more fierce than that of evolution and religion. This is especially true in the USA where it has become a governmental rivalry.It is a dispute about the origins of Earth, humanity, life, and the universe. The level of corroboration for the evolution theory is overwhelming in the scientific community and the academia, while support for creation based alternatives where evolution does not take place is stripped among secular scientists.Creationists argue that scientific theories are incomplete, incorrect, and inherently flawed due to the infinite regression nature of questions of origins. They argue that if science can provide answers to what caused the Big Bang ? or what was the nature of first life form ? it is likely that answers themselves will be subject to similar kinds of regressive inquiry. They firmly believe that science cannot provide answers to such questions and that their religious discourse is much more complete and more reliable than the realistic description provided by science. While creationists point at the limitations of scientific investigations, they intend to point towards the existence of creator God. Skeptics criticize this as God of the gaps argument.They say that religious argumentation is reduced to a place holder for gaps in human knowledge. One more argument presented is that evolution is a theory and not a fact. This is a result of misconception about the technical meaning of theory. In common usage, theory means hypothesis and unproven assumptions. In science it means a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.Exploring this issue, Stephen Jay Gould wrote, Evolution is a theory. It is also a fact, and facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing uncertainty. Facts are the worlds data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts do not go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them. Einsteins theory of gravitation replaced that of Newtons but apples did not suspend themselves from mid(prenominal) air. And humans evolved from ape-like ancestors whether they did so by Darwins proposed mechanism or by some other til now to be disclosed .Karl Propper gave a new dimension to the debate, by evolving the concept of falsifiability. He claimed that testable theories are scientific but those that are untestable are not. He declares, I have come to a conclusion that Darwinism is not testable scientific theory but a metaphysical research program, a plausible framework for testable scientific theories. Debate among some scientists and philosophers of science on the applicability of falsifiabilty have been offered by some scientists Richard Dawkins and J.B.S. Haldane both pointed out that if fogey rabbits were found in the Precarribean era, a time before most similarly complex life forms had evolved that would completely blow evolution out of water.Creationists have criticized the scientific evidence used to support evolution as being based on faulty assumptions and unjustified jumping to conclusions. These include the fossil fuel record which has significant gaps that cast doubt on evolution the emergence of new species which has not been observed directly radiometric dating which is inaccurate due to an inappropriate reliance on assumption of uniformitarianism While creationists claim that the problems they point out represent significant holes in evolutionary theory. Supporters of evolutionary theory act by arguing that these gaps of knowledge do not cast doubt on the framework the theory of evolution provides, asserting that they indicate either areas where research needs to be directed or there is misunderstanding on the part of creationists.As a matter of fact scientists and subject experts of evolution, do not spend much time on refuting the charges of creationists. Many do not respond at all. They do not think it is worth it. After all, when they reply, creationists get the publicity. ( creation-evolution controversy ) Pope Benedict XVI , in a book titled creation and evolution, published on 11 April 2007, states that The question is not to either make a decision for a creationism that fundamentally excludes science, or for an evolutionary theory that covers over its own gaps and does not want to see the questions that reach beyond the methodological possibilities of natural science. I celebrate it important to underline that theory of evolution implies questions that must be to philosophy and which themselves lead beyond the realms of science. It is also true that the theory of evolution is not a complete, scientifically proven theory. He believes that experiment in a controlled environment has limitations, as, We cannot have 10,000 generations into the laboratory.He also does not endorse creationism or intelligent design. He defends theistic evolution, a reconciliation between science and religion, already held by Catholics. He writes on evolution, as a process itself is rational despite the mistakes and confusion as it goes through a narrow corridor, choosing a few mutations and using low probability. Th is inevitably leads to a question that goes beyond science- where did this rationality come from ? to which he answers that it comes from the creative reason of God. ( creationism evolution controversy) Third alternative The conflict and controversy over evolution and creationism can be resolved if a third alternative is adopted. If biology had followed Pasteurs paradigm, instead of Darwins, and if the theory of cosmic ancestry was prevailing today, then the mechanical theory of nature would account for the evolutionary progress and the origin of life on Earth.There would be no need for supernatural intervention. Cosmic ancestry is fundamentally different from both Darwinism and prevailing western religions. Both hold that life arises and evolves from simpler beginnings. Darwinism explains this with material causes, western religions with supernatural causes. In Cosmic Ancestry life neither arises nor evolves to more extremely organized forms from simpler beginnings. With materia l causes life can descend from prior life at least as highly evolved as itself. Thus in Cosmic Ancestry, life only descends. The fact is that neither science nor religion seem interested in adopting Cosmic Ancestry as an alternative. ( Evolution versus creationism)ConclusionThe theory of evolution proves how life originated and developed on this Earth. It has a scientific base in all its claims. It is a result of careful analysis of data. All over the world it has been accepted as a really scientific explanation on evolution of life. It does not have to do anything with any supernatural power. Religious fundamentalists, specially Christian, have evolved a movement called creationism, which asserts that the theory of evolution tends to wipe off the Biblical teachings and the faith they have in God.Till today, the highest priest of Christianity, the Pope, is busy trying to find holes in the theory of evolution, when the totally world has accepted this theory before 150 years. The par adox is that evolution has never touched upon the aspects of God. In fact, scientists also believe in God and accept His existence. There is no legitimate base for creationism, and it reflects the sniff out of adamancy among the Christian fundamentalists. Theory of Cosmic Ancestry can be adopted as an option.Works-cited page 1. Evolution, wikipedia the openhanded encyclopedia, 14 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution 2. Creationism, wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 14 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism 3. Relationship, Relationship between Religion and science, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 12 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science 4. Lovgren Stefan, Evolution and religion can co-exist, scientists say, National Geographic News, 18 October 2004, Retrieved on 15 April 07, from http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/20 04/10/1018_041018_science_religion.html 5. Creation-evolution controversy, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 13 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation-evolution_controversy 6. Evolution versus creationism, Retrieved on 16 April 07 from http//www.panspermia.org/mechansm.htm

Social Educational Theories Essay Example for Free

hearty Educational Theories EssayEducation plays a major role in any beau monde. But the specifics problematic in this role are still subject to debate. That is, the methods of teaching, the strategies of handling students, the style of managing schools, and the goals and standards of the raisingal system bedevil been the subject of deliberation and reflection among educators, psychologists and social theorists. Educational systems have to a fault tackd numerous times throughout history and such(prenominal) changes are often the results of the emergence of social theories that influence the decisions of policy makers. In this look into paper, four social theories provide be examined functionalism, Marxism, interpretivism, and post- redbrickism. These four social theories allow for be compared and their mights and weaknesses will be discussed. In doing so, this paper will to what extent do these social theories explain the function of bringing up in American ordering and how do these theories compare with the realist theory. What is functionalism?Functionalism is desired to have been haveed by several philosophers in the 19th century but it was only during the early part of the twentieth century, the 1930s, did this social theory take official form in the United States through the hold out of Talcott Parsons. Unlike the earlier social theories that treat society as one vaguely defined system, functionalism boasts of focusing on the parts of the system and how these parts interact and influence each other. The parts have needs that the other parts can meet and this is wherefore the parts exist in a state of cooperation.The system is then considered to be in equilibrium. However, the functionalists also recognize the changing genius of this system and that the parts adjust to these changes towards a new equilibrium (Parsons, 1951). Strengths and weaknesses. In the palm of statement, the major strengths of functionalism lies on the emphasis of interdependence and a path of evolutionary change that is not dramatic or chaotic. This is because the functionalists shun conflict and believed that any conflict can be avoided because each somebody is influenced by the societys norms.If an individual scorns these norms, there would be consequences such as social reprimand or even imprisonment. Unfortunately, despite the discouraging presence of these consequences, and based on the history of the world, the history of the American society, and of American education, conflict inspectmed to be significantly present. This made the tenets of functionalism naive and incomplete. Within the classroom, a functionalist teacher whitethorn induce the students to behave in an equilibrium-producing manner by emphasizing the classroom norms and the consequences that are given if such norms are ignored.Some of the consequences might be time-out, lower grades, suspension, and other sanctions. Again, interchangeable to the greater society, t he classroom society may have a few students who are not deterred by the consequences. This is not because the student intends to develop conflict but because there might be some needs of the students that were not met. In the equivalent mood, there would be dissent and gyrations if social problems, such as poverty and tyranny, persist and come to a point when they become unbearable (Ballantine, 1997).Functionalism and education in an American society. Within the American society, functionalism might notify that the whole education system is entrusted with the responsibility of meeting one particular need of the society to upraise responsible and productive citizens. From one perspective, this functionalist role of the educational system may explain the function of education in America. This is because one of the purposes of the current NCLB or No Child Left Behind Act is to stimulate highly skilled citizens, who will be competitive in the global market (U.S. Department of E ducation, 2004).another(prenominal) perspective of functionalist that can describe the changes in the educational system in America is the concept of equilibrium. For example, the American society realizes that it needed to have better teachers and better students. The educational system responds by establishing standards and a more extensive evaluation procedure for school performance. Unfortunately, these dickens perspectives seem to be the only obvious confederation between functionalism and education in a modern American society. Functionalism and realism.In the same manner, the aims of functionalist education vitality not check over with the educational aims of realism, which is to produce perfection in an individual. Despite this difference in say goals, functionalism and realism indirectly agree on some aspects of pedagogical methodology, such as the use of despotic rewards. Functionalists espouse negative consequences for misbehavior go realists applaud positive rewa rds for admirable behavior (Merton, 1968). What is Marxism? Marxism is essentially a featureed theory, which means that it seeks to reveal the negative and detrimental characteristics of an existing system.In this case, Marxism critiques capitalism. The major criticism is the way capitalist societies prey on the community who are stricken by poverty or let vulnerabilities (Kellner, 1989). For example, capitalists praise the industrial revolution, which brought about rapid economic progress. The rednesss reveal the other side of industrial revolution that is unpleasant, which is the exploitation of children. Children, who may be as young as three years old, are allowed to work in factories (Cody, 2002). Strengths and weaknesses.In the field of education, the major strength of Marxism is the emphasis on teaching methods that encourage precise thought bear upon. Marxists teacher engage in teaching approaches that develop collaboration and independence. Marxists teachers are cri tical of methods that only supplicate emulation and passive listening. Thus, some of the preferred methods of the Marxist approach to education are hands-on activities, cooperative learning, and constructivist methods (Kellner, 1989). However the social theory developed by Karl Marx often deludes clear understanding among philosophers, psychologists, and educators.This is because the terms utilise by Marxists are interpreted in a different way by the largely dominant allele capitalist society. And here lies the major weakness of Marxism. It cannot be completely understood and its tenets are dupeed negatively by the society. Marxism and education in an American society. Politically, the American society is primarily against Marxism. It might be because America is a capitalist country or because Marxism is vaguely understood. In the area of education, however, the aim of Marxism to have students who are heart-to-heart of considering independently and critically agrees with the ai m of many American teachers.There is a campaign towards the excogitation of questions that encourage critical and creative thinking. There is also an emphasis towards the creation of activities that encourage collaboration. But, the other Marxist educational aim, which is to produce individuals who will lead subject changes in the society, does not agree with the function of education in the modern American society. The American society may welcome critical-thinking individuals but these individuals must correct to well-established norms. Marxism and realism. Some aspects of Marxism agree with realism especially about the view on knowledge.One of the pillars of realism, Francis Bacon, cautioned people to be aware of factors that prevent the acquisition of truth, such as limited experience, popularity, religion, and prejudice. Being cautious about these conditions equates to thinking critically. Another tenet of realism, which is espoused by Russell, states that education must le ad towards the solutions of the ills that the society has. This can be translated into the radical changes that Marxists wanted. Unfortunately, Marxism is too radical for many realists and these two schools of thoughts are difficult to merge (Grabb, 1990).What is interpretivism? Interpretivism is one of the lesser-known social theories that emphasise the convergence of truth and perception. That is, the truth is similar to what is perceived. Since there might be different perceptions among individuals, these individuals must agree to one level of perception that is unanimously accepted. Once accepted, the common perception becomes a reality. Essentially, the reality that interpretivists shit is based on the perceptions of the individuals. callable to this nature of reality, interpretivism can be perceived as a surgical procedure rather than a theory.That is, in the field of social research, a societys reality is obtained through interpretivism. And in the field of law, individual s must agree upon the interpretation of practices, statutes, and legal duties (Brink, 2001). These individuals, therefore, must have another dry land for their agreement on interpretations. The basis is the set of norms and values of the society. Stated in this way, interpretivism can be deemed similar to functionalism, in which individuals or the parts of the society must conform to norms. And with regards to norms, both interpretivism and functionalism are opposed to Marxism.Strengths and weaknesses. In the field of education, the major strength of interpretivism is that it attempts to develop creativity in the learners, teachers, and education researchers. An object does not stop a simple object but takes on other forms. For example, a chair is no semipermanent a simple chair but a place of rest, a symbol of sentimental moments, or a private corner. All these and more can be the forms of the chair. In this manner, the students not only develop creativity but a degree of open m indedness that will be useful in a global community (Vrasidas, 2001).Unfortunately, interpretivism lacks the structure that many educators wanted. This lack of structure is probably due to the history of interpretivism which is a critical theory of positivism. Thus, Marxism and interpretivism have one thing in common both are critical theories that offer a contradiction to an existing and dominant theory. Interpretivism and education in an American society. In the modern American society, interpretivism has been limited to the area of research. Due to this, it cannot be reliably utilized to explain the function of education in the American society.Except for the goal of producing creative thinkers, the interpretivists do not offer much detail or position regarding the teaching and learning processes. At the same time, there are tenets of interpretivism that contradicts the present educational system. For example, Interpretivists, due to their interpretation of reality, may not agr ee to the presence of standards and reckoner programme. They may also want to change the predominant methods of evaluation. Interpretivism and realism. The concept of reality between interpretivism and realism are conflicting.The reality of interpretivism is based on the perceptions of people whereas the reality of realism exists even without the presence of any person who can perceive such reality. Due to the opposing nature of reality, there would also be opposing perceptions about the nature of knowledge, which leads to differences in curriculum (Shinn, 2004). What is post-modernism? Similar to Marxism and interpretivism, post-modernism rose at the heels of a dominant existing theory. In this case, that theory was modernism.But, unlike the two previously described social theories, post-modernism adopts many of the tenets of modernism, which are futuristic in nature. Both modernism and post-modernism see a world that is not categorized by labels but fused. For example, in litera ture, there are no genres that separate poems and stories. But, there is no existing and recognized unity because both modernists and post-modernist realize the fragmented nature of the world. The difference between modernism and post-modernism is the attitude that the proponents and followers have towards this fragmentation and ambiguity.The modernists are saddened by it while the post-modernist embrace it. For example, post-modernist artists display their delight and fascination with chaos and disorganization (Heartfield, 2002). Strengths and weaknesses. In the field of education, the major strength of post-modernism is its ability to embrace and utilize the rapidly changing, chip-driven world. The teachers who are influenced by post-modernism will have the needed flexibleness and adaptability to maintain and create direction for the students.For example, the meteoric rise of computers and other electronic gadgets might drag a teacher from his comfort zone and make him less effect ive. The post-modernist teacher would embrace the changes and will become computer savvy, along with his students. However, the post-modernist approach to education might endanger other aspects of the teaching and learning process. This is because the learning process needed structure and order a concept that is not respected by post-modernist (Klages, 2007). Post-modernism and education in an American society.The theory of post-modernism might be used to explain the function of education in a modern American society, which is to help the learners adapt to their changing world. Obviously, the world perceived by the learner will change constantly and continuously. But, many of the educators and policy-makers in the American society will have second thoughts regarding this raring(predicate) attitude towards change. Embracing the change might not be the best action to take. However, post-modernism wanted the students to think less of subject but more of purpose (Sarup, 1993).For exam ple, the student must first determine his reasons why he must get a college degree. In this manner, post-modernism is aligned with the other social theories. However, post-modernism, at this moment, could not be utilized to fully explain the function of education in American society. Post-modernism and realism. Post-modernism, in the field of education, is not compatible with realism. This is because realism values the influence of science whereas post-modernism shins the importance of science. However, post-modernism embraces technological advances.These technological advances will not be possible without science. This attitude might lead to some compromise with the attitude of realists towards science. Realists believe that science will influence philosophies and post-modernists recognize the influence of changes. The function of education in the contemporary American society cannot be described fully by using only one social theory. A composite of these social theories must be us ed because the present American society has an eclectic view of the function of education.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral Metoprolol Essay Example for Free

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral metoprolol EssayThe tolerant, Roger Smith, is a forty year antiquated man and came to the doctors office yesterday morning presenting a chief complaint of on and off headaches. all(preno minuteal) now and then he felt dizzy and would complain about blurred vision. He mentions that he does not have either allergies to food or medicines. He admits that he doesnt do any rhythmical exercise. He favors salty food and eats plentiful of it habitual and prefers to drink alcohol two to terce times per week. He was an only child and both his father and mother are deceased. The patient ofs mother had high tune wring and so did his mothers father.When he was a child he only had varicella zoster. He also mentioned that he sought medical attention a year ago and was diagnosed with essential hypertension. After that, the patient did not visit his previous doctor for a follow up on his medical health. The patient confesses that he did not follow his previous doctors prescription. Dr. Robert Jones, took the patients parenthood pressure and it read as one hundred forty/90 mm Hg. The patient was asked to undergo laboratory test for the patients blood creatinine (National Kidney Function, 2008).On the following day, Dr. Robert Jones, heedful the patients blood pressure again and it read 140/90 mm Hg. The patient told the doctor that he took note of his blood pressure several days ago and it also had the like reading and it never went down. The doctor asked the patient to present him the laboratory result for the patients glomerular filtration account. The glomerular filtration rate is the test to measure the patients kidney functions level. It is important to find out what the result is to prevent the progression of a kidney ailment due to hypertension (National Kidney Function, 2008).The patients glomerular filtration rate value (GFR) was 72 mL/min/1.73 m2. The doctor construe to the patient that his glomerular f iltration rate is normal and his kidneys are not affected yet by the hypertension. The GFR is cypher by the serum creatinine of the patient which is 1.4 mg/dL, the age of the patient is forty years old, the patients race is African American and the gender is male. The normal glomerular filtration rate value is 70 14 mL/min/m2 for the male and 60 10 mL/min/m2 for the female (National Kidney Function, 2008).The doctor explained that essential hypertension or primary hypertension is the blood pressure thats consistently higher than the normal value, 120/80 mm Hg, and there is no cause found for the high blood pressure. It can be controlled with normal exercise, a well-balanced diet, proper treatment and constant monitoring of the blood pressure. If it is left untreated, it forget lead to emotional state attack, heart failure, damage to the kidney and it might cause the patient to lose his vision. (PSMHMC, 2006). The patient needs to lower the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) to treat his hypertension as this is an important cardiovascular risk mover (Koenig, 2001).The doctor educated the patient to maintain his weight level near to the normal and eat a well-balanced diet. He was instructed to limit the salt intake everyday to 2,000mg or even lower. Exercise on a regular basis and avoid drinking too much alcohol and limit the intake of caffeine. All these are infallible to be followed to control the blood pressure. The patient was also educated about taking care of his blood pressure because it ordain cause the kidney to fail. In order to prevent this from happening, his blood pressure must be controlled (DailyMed, 2006).The doctor prescribed the patient to take metoprolol tartrate 100mg for the first four weeks and then increased the superman to 200mg for another four weeks. The patient is instructed to orally take metoprolol once daily (Koenig, 2001).Metoprolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent that decreases the heart rate, decreases the co ntraction force of the heart muscle and it lowers the the blood pressure. Metoprolol targets the human nervous system by blocking its action in order to stimulate the heart beats pace. (Hildemann, et. al., 2002). The doctor march on explained that metoprolol helps relax the blood vessels and will help the heart beat at a more regular rate. In this way, high blood pressure is reduced. Other heart diseases, for face stroke or heart attack will be prevented (Koenig, 2001).The medicine is taken through the emit and will pass through the digestive tract before it can reach the bloodstream for absorption. The plan of attack of action of metoprolol as an anti-hypertensive if taken orally is 1 1/2 to 4 hours. It will last for ten to twenty hours and will be absorbed at a percentage of 95%. For its metabolism, it is extensively liverwort through CYP2D6 significant first-pass effect. The half-life elimination period is three to four hours (Koenig, 2001). Metoprolol will be excreted thr ough the urine with the percentage of 3% to 10% as an unchanged medicine (DailyMed, 2006).According to the explanation of the doctor, metoprolol is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 2D6. Therefore, metabolization of the drug depends on the genetic polymorph that determines the hepatic hydroxylation rate. Metoprolol is excreted by the kidney as metabolites and is absorbed within seventy-two hours by glomerular filtration. The patient is further intercommunicateed that while he is taking metoprolol, he is advised not to take in any other medicine.He should follow the correct dosage at the right time, in other words, the patient is not allowed to change the dosage or the time hes supposed to take the medicine. The medicine should not be taken in with an antacid (DailyMed, 2006). The patient will feel fatigue or dizziness. He should inform the doctor any changes like unusual weight gain or muscle fatigue, swellings of any expose the extremities, constipation or should h e develop a cough.The patient should maintain a blood pressure of less than 140/90mm Hg. He should take his pulse prior to taking metoprolol orally. The patient will be able to keep himself healthy and fit if he continues to follow the doctors prescription. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) will be lower when the patient follows the intake of metoprolol as prescribed by the doctor (Koenig, 2001).After eight weeks, the patient came to visit Dr. Robert Jones and had his blood pressure is already 120/80 and his glomerular filtration rate value remains at the normal level. The patient is instructed by the doctor to forever maintain a healthy diet, regularly exercise and take note of his blood pressure everyday (Koenig, 2001).ReferencesDailymed (2006). METOPROLOL TARTRATE and HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLETS, USP50 mg/25 mg, 100 mg/25 mg and 100 mg/50 mgBeta Blocker/Diuretic Antihypertensive. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http//dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.c fm?id=2522type=displayIndian Journal of Pharmacology. (2008) Metoprolol Pindolol A comparative study in essential hypertension. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http//www.ijp-online.com/article.asp?issn=02537613year=1990volume=22issue=2spage=85epage=88aulast=Guglitype=0S.K. Hildemann, H. Fischer, D. Pittrow, V. Bohlscheid (2002). Metoprolol Succinate SR Plus Hydrochlorothiazide (Beloc-Zok Comp) in Patients With Essential Hypertension in General Practice. Medscape Today. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/444414_1Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center College of Medicine (2006). Essential Hypertension. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from http//www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/e/essentialhypertension.htmNational Kidney Function (2008). glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Retrieved from February 10, 2008, http//www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/ckd/knowGFR.cfmWolfgang Koenig, on behalf of the Multicentre Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine II-Card iology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (2001). Efficacy and Tolerability of Metoprolol Tartrate in Patients With Mild-to- Moderate Essential Hypertension A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre Trial. Retrieved from February 10, 2008, from http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406240