How does Bennett reveal to us the character of Lesley; and how do we respond to her?

The character Lesley has been cl perpetuallyly crafted by Bennett so that the earshot advise find humour in her inability to read people and situations, and still pity her desperation for her big chance. By writing the chat up in monologue form the audience has access to Lesleys intimate feelings as the camera acts in a similar mood to that of a confessional. This ensures that the audience can form their own opinion of Lesley.Bennetts Her big chance started in his series of six monologues called Talking Heads. The monologue form suits Lesleys character beca procedure if on that point were other visible characters, Lesley would find herself being terribly humiliated whereas as it is Lesley can manipulate what the audience argon subjected to, done the monologue form. This by and by means Lesley is not a in truth relicap commensurate narrator the audience has to infer negative aspects of her character by reading between the occupancys. Likewise, a monologue b arely showcases iodin point of view so the dramatist has to use great skill to incorporate other characters feelings through the primary(prenominal) character, in this case, Lesley. In Lesleys monologue, the added opinions of others circulate the audience a better overview of Lesleys character.When Lesley give tongue to to Scott, I k outright why, they knew I had ideas about the part and he said, They knew you had a 38-inch bust the viewers are able to see that Lesley has no talent and is only good for the fun loving parts. Lesley thus goes on to say Scotts mothers engrossed to a wheelchair, hes got a lot on his plate, this proves Lesleys failure to interpret others opinions of her, divergence her isolated as a result. On the other hand, Lesley could be more(prenominal) capable than the audience give her credit for and therefore she was just be dismissing Scotts blunt comment to save her from the harsh existentity.All of Bennetts characters from Talking Heads are isolated and alone due to their particularity. Lesley has many idiosyncrasies which cause people to keep themselves from her. She is always trying to upgrade her small extra parts where you may induct seen me, Simon, is in Tess. Roman Polanski. I chanceed Chloe. No one would have known who she was talking about because Chloe was the one on the fundament of a farm cart wearing a shawl. Basically she was only an extra but Lesley insists on describing her part by name as if everyone remembers that part because she, herself, gave such a memorable performance. Although she has never had a estimable part, Lesley still persists in calling herself professional to her fingertips and fails to realise that the parts she does embolden are not so different from her, fun-loving girls who take life as it comes even if that means recreationing around to cleave a part. Invariably, Lesley takes superbia in telling people how to do their job, thinking that her contribution is important.Her inputs are always annoyin g little comments which doubt the capability of whom she is talking to like, if its a migraine rather than a headache Travis probably wouldnt be able to speak, and Gunther said, Whatever you say. Not only does she interfere with the directors work but she then tells the audience that its wonderful, that moment, when you feel a director first begin to self-reliance you and you really start to build. Here she misreads the situation as Gunther probably didnt deprivation her to talk because she is no good at performing and she only indispensable to look good anyway. Another thing Lesley hadnt realised was that with all her meddlesome over the making of the movie Gunther had probably figured by now out how to get what he wanted out of Lesley.An alternative display case of this is going back to Lesleys audition where she couldnt help but make a suggestion, reading generally indicates a studious temperament and Im a very convincing reader because its something I frequently do in real life. I could tell he was impressed. She then carries on just because Simon was acting impressed out politeness. Even when he was showing her out she didnt get the picture and suggested putting Travis in a bikini and give her a briefcase. Not only are these terrible ideas but she could have slow blown her audition if they based it on talent. The audience are able to see how others view her when Lesley had another thought and had to pop back. He was on the phone. You wont believe this, he was saying. Lesley saw this comment as a haughty one as though her audition was incredible the audience nonetheless are able to infer that Simon saw her audition as beyond belief and shocking.Lesleys constant use of jargon like lower echelons, p.o.v water-skis and we disguised at about six (thats film parlance for packed up) is exacting and patronising it similarly implies Lesley is trying too hard to fit into a higher class of society as only people who arent satiate with themselves feel the need to demean others. Additionally, Lesley uses Ciao and thats interesting excessively, its as though she is trying to be more cultured or more interesting, when in fact in just makes her seem unintelligent due to her pretermit of varied vocabulary.Bennetts humour is usually at the expense of others, similarly at Lesleys ignorance. At one point in the play Nigel mentions that the director Gunther is jocund with their progress because they are finally cooking with gas, Lesley misreads this and says does that mean its good because I prefer electricity. This is a classic bimbo moment, created by Bennett, which the audience can use help them discover the true character of Lesley. Being vulnerable and nave quite a often leads Lesley to waking up in many impertinent rooms. It is pitiful that Lesley is so desperate and has no belief in herself that she feels she has to sleep with whoever it takes to get a part. This originates from her isolation, she possibly feels lonely and consequ ently the only way she feels wanted is if she constantly has one night stands.At the end of the play Lesley is back where she started, in her small desolate flat. This reveals to the audience despite having just performed in a movie she has gotten nowhere as a result. In a way, Lesley can also see this unkind truth as she ends by saying that she would like to acquire another skill like marketing valuable oil paintings or canoeing. As she feels that the more you have to give the better you are as an actress. This in her case is true because she doesnt have much talent to give and is also a bad actress it is also similar to her habit of sleeping with people. She gives them what they want and sometimes shell get a part. She rounds off by saying acting is really just giving. This line sums up her career, which is quite a sad thought, but she only ever gets used and nothing really comes out of it, because she is left in her precise flat again on her own.On the surface Bennett develops Lesleys character so the audience can only abhorred her and her traits, but underlying the viewers could quite possibly feel sympathetic towards her as despite all she went through she still didnt get her big chance.

Environmental and external analysis of Pepsi in UK

Pepsi in UK is an entity of Pepsi International division of Pepsi Inc USA. Pepsi is the worlds 3rd largest snack and beverage company. (Rafey. R et, el). As fountainhead Pepsi is the 2nd largest manufacturer of carbonated soft drinks in the world. (Rafey. R et, el). Pepsi in UK is one of the largest operations of Pepsi Inc compar fit to Pepsi Mexico.In UK Pepsi Companys briny competitors are local manufacturing companies in food and beverage industry and vernal(prenominal) retailers. As well it faces competition from international Companies like Coke, Cadbury, Schweppes and Kraft etcetera (Rafey. R et, el). In UK Pepsi faces sever competition from these companies and the UK securities industry is complex and dynamic in spirit.The nature of SWOT analysis and its value in create Marketing strategies and Marketing Plan.SWOT analysis means effectualnesss and weaknesses of an entities midland environment in terms of human, technical, organizational, information systems o perational processes and models management culture and leadership style. It also considers opportunities and threats of its immediate merchandise conditions as well as opportunities arising from the innate organizational strengths and the threats arising from the weaknesses of its internal environment.Also read Gardenia Bread Pricing StrategyIn increase it also considers opportunities and threats arising from macro environment such as the scotchalal conditions, neighborly factors, demographic factors, ethical and environmental factors, legal and regulatory factors, financial factors such as exchange rate volatility, interest rate and global economic condition and outlook in a global world delivery in the 21st century. This analysis is necessary to develop commercializeing strategies and plans adequate to each market segment such as positioning,pricing, promotion, dissemination crease decisions, adverting methods decisions and public relations, brand development compan y image contouring and the modification of plans on a straight basis if conditions change in internal and external environment and to change strategies.Strengths of Pepsi in UKPepsi in UK has considerable operations in UK and has real a reputation of its brand it has the strength to grapple with local manufacturers and international competitors. As well it has a supple distribution channel and a range of products, which are comparable in whole step and price as well it has developed marketing plans and strategies in abode it has the possibleity to compete with the local manufacturers and international competitors. That is Pepsi in UK acquire belligerent strength more than adequate to compete effectively in the UK market which is vital to survive and grow in the next.(Pepsi Inc Annual explanation 2005). Pepsi in UK has several product ranges and has developed new products on a continuous basis. It also has a management culture internally to develop new products, which s atisfies emerge node needs. In a market such as UK, which is dynamic in nature it is vital to produce new products and a variety of product lines to compete effectively in such a dynamic market place. There fore Pepsi in UK has the strength of having an innovational management culture and management processes within the company and it is strength to slander put on the lines and maximize returns for its shareholders in a socially responsible manner. (Pepsi Inc Annual Report 2005).In step-up to the in a higher place Pepsi in UK has a state of the art proficient floor particularly information system infrastructure which is crucial in making sound decisions and respond to market changes as quickly as possible in a speak to conscious manner. This is vital in a market like UK, as the competitors will strive to keep up cost down and compete in price and quality in this market. Pepsi in UK has the technological strength comparable toits competitors. This is a vital strength in a market like UK. (Pepsi Inc Annual Report 2005).Weaknesses of Pepsi UKAs the market is dynamic and un divineable in terms of changes in consumer tastes, demographic changes and social norms and customs. There fore Pepsi may not be able to anticipate such changes accurately all the time and may destitute its customers to its competitors if they are able to capture such changes better than Pepsi. That is Pepsi in UK faces rivalrous stake to considerable extent There fore if risks are not managed or unmanageable it is a weakness of Pepsi UK in operating in such market conditions. In plus the economic cycles may pertain its industry and if Pepsi in UK natesnot manage these risks then it may affect its gainfulness and the potential for exploitation in the UK market. Economic cycles are unpredictable to most extent and it may not able to predict accurately the economic cycles and its operations are exposed to these market risks, which are uncontrollable, completely by Pepsi in U K and it is a weakness of Pepsi in UK.Opportunities of Pepsi in UKIn UK market Pepsi has an opportunity to develop new products beca character the UK market is dynamic in its nature its consumers have considerable purchasing power as UK is a developed industrial country. It has a stable economic and financial system. In addition the market is diverse and Pepsi can find niche markets where competition is not severe and can introduce new products and market existing products to these remunerative market segments. As UK has an advanced communication and information engineering science infrastructure Pepsi can use information technology and e-commerce models to increase its growth potentials and build flexible distribution channels and businesses alliances to increase efficiency of operations and sink costs.There fore it have an opportunity tohave a competitive cost structure and comparable profit margin of its core business and enable to have a competitive price in different market segments and appropriate quality comparable to its competitors. The technological feasibility and using technology is an opportunity for Pepsi UK to improve its efficiency in operations and improve advantageousness and have a competitive edge in UK markets is a explicit opportunity for Pepsi in UK.Threats of Pepsi in UKPepsi in UK faces many economic threats and risk factors. They are future economic outlook in terms future economic growth, inflation and unemployment and exchange rate, and interest rate. These are difficult to predict and these factors affect the consumer disposable income and there fore affects demand for the goods and services of Pepsi in UK. Some of these factors are volatile such as exchange place and interest rats and inflation. These are definitely a major threat or risk to its operations in UK for Pepsi in UK. The other threats are unpredictable consumer taste changes, degree of competition in UK, legal and regulatory changes in health and safety, employm ent law, environmental laws, which may add to the cost to Pepsis operations and adversely affects its profitability.In addition in a global economic environment the UK economy will be affected by shocks of economic political problems in other countries as it affect the trade and bang-up flows and there fore global factors and outlook in economic growth and social and political factors may indirectly affect Pepsis profitability as these factors affect the UK economy and may indirectly affect Pepsis profitability if these factors negatively affect the UK economy in general.ConclusionAs discussed above Pepsi in UK has strength to survive and grow in the UK market if it can manage the risks and cringe its weaknesses and act in the UK market in a socially responsible manner. However some risk cannot be trim down and it must not operate insuch market segments depending on the degree of competition and the future growth potential as well as its strength of its cost structure and price a nd quality and its mental ability to counteract the marketing strategies of its competitors. It has the potential to develop niche markets in UK particularly evaluating the profitability of these segments and entering in to these segments early before the competitors enter. In addition it can also introduce healthy new products by identifying customer emerging needs and supplying it by developing a flexible distribution channel and leverage technology to reduce cost of operations and there by increasing profit margin.It must also have a risk management system to minimize risk as these markets pose considerable risk to its operations. Pepsi in UK has such systems and they have the potential to some degree minimize some of the threats and have the capacity to reduce some weaknesses in its organizational processes and operational planning and control mechanisms. Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Pepsi in UK can develop marketing strategies and plans to iden tify niche markets which are profitable, subroutine information technology to improve its distribution channel efficiency and use it to identify customer needs, use effective public relations to get ahead the company image as a socially responsible company.Assess risk factors and enter into market segments where it has less risks and more return or capacity to manage risks, Use appropriate pricing, adverting and promotions to each market segments to boost gross revenue in a cost effective manner. Introduce new products in to profitable market segments on a continuous basis-satisfying customer emerging needs accurately as possible. Revise and monitor marketing plans and changing strategies if conditions change on a regular basis. By adopting these marketing strategies and plans Pepsi in UK can survive and grow in UK in the short to metier term.BibliographyBauerschmidt, A & Bloodgood, J.M.2002, Competitive Analysis Do Managers Accurately Compare Their Firms to Competitors?, diary of managerial Issues 14, 4, marching 14, 2007, getable at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001904195Diversity Programs Become Valuable Tools for Increased Profitability 1998, March 14, 2007, uncommitted at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001407649 Kay, J.A.1995, Foundations of Corporate Success How crinkle Strategies Add Value, Oxford University Press, March 14, 2007, Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29059159Mccall, J. B & Stone, M.A. 2004, International Strategic Marketing AN European stance, Routledge, March 14, 2007, Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107561930Moss, M.R. 2000, mathematical function out Your Firms Success, Black Enterprise 30, 8, March 14, 2007, Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001170134PEPSICO 2005, March 14, 2007 Available at http//www.pepsico.com/PEP_Investors/AnnualReports/05/Pepsi2005Annual.pdfRafey, R et, el. PEPSI CO (PEP), March 14, 2007Available at www.yorkinvestmentclub.com/slides/pepsi.pptShapira , P. 1998, Extending Manufacturing Extension, Issues in Science and Technology, 14, 3, March 14, 2007, Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001335408Swot Analysis go out Do the World of Good Business Quiz 2006, Liverpool Echo, March 14, 2007, Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5017750581Turner, M.F. 2001, How Does Your Company Measure Up?, Black Enterprise 32, 4, March 14, 2007 Available at http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000894763

Feminism in Literature

Samuel Rodriguez 801-12-7900 INGL 3103-126 Prof. Nikita Nankov February 10, 2013 womens liberation movement in literature Feminism is defined as a collection of movements and ideologies that are focused on establishing friction match economic, political, and companionable rights for women. This includes equal employment opportunities for women. There is a big misconception of the womens rightist movement. A visual sense of pot take a radical approach they focus on a theory that there is a male supremacy to trounce women.The radical feminists tend to strive for greater feminine power and aberrant from the original concept of feminism that strives for equality. Feminism was first introduced into literature in the nineteenth coulomb. The number of published women authors was greater in the nineteenth century than in some(prenominal) preceding century. Womens access to higher education increase exponentially during the century, providing them with skills that they could use to develop their art.The growth of market economies, cities, and life expectancies changed how women in Europe and the United States were expected to conform to new social pressures, and make many women more conscious of their imposed social, legal, and political inequality. Many social reform movements led by nineteenth-century women, such as religious revivalism, abolitionism, temperance, and suffrage gave women writers an audience and a forum in which they could express their views. Before the feminist movement migrated to literature women writers were largely confined into writing childrens meter and literature.Women started migrating and started writing fiction. However the full of life reviews of the age pummeled their manoeuvres for lack of critical judgment and rationality and dismissed their work as being intentional for the unrefined taste of women readers. Great novelist desire Mary Shelly, George Sand and George Elliot neer completely escaped the harsh criticism of th eir work based however on their gender. The legacy of sexism has been a historic element that helps dismiss the work of many great women writers. womens liberationist women writers come from all over the world, including Puerto Rico.Julia de Burgos is a well-known puertori send away writer, but Burgos is best known for her feminist poems. Julia de Burgos poetry includes a variety of themes, including an inclination to the erotic and to social activism. Burgos feminist poems present a philosophical view of the role of women in Puerto Rican society. Burgos explores womanhood issues in her efforts to transformation away from hindering social patterns. Burgos stands out as an early feminist activist at a time when Puerto Rican culture restricted women to the conventional roles of spouse and m other(a).Authors of the feminist movement differentiate between gender and sex. They bank the persons sex is predetermined and natural. Meanwhile the gender has been created by society along wi th the perception of gender roles. They believe that gender roles can be altered over time. The predominance of one gender of the other is seen in almost every society. The fact that this dominance is not in favor of women is a characteristic of feminist literature. Feminist authors argue that any society that does not provide equal opportunities to both genders is not an inert and complete society.Women in feminist literature are presented as protagonist, who unremarkably does not accept the traditional predetermined roles dictated by society. Feminism in literature is not strictly limited to female writers an cause of this is James Joyce. Joyces textbooks are filled with feminine images. The way Joyce depicts women in his text may be tricky for people who reading his text for the first time. Joyce presents all the sufferings and hardships women go through. In Eveline the narrator talks just about talks about a deprived female, referring to Eveline.Eveline lacks basic things t hat most people around the world have. For example she didnt have a well-chosen childhood. When she was playing as a little girl in the dramatics her dad would chase her. In this example we can see the gravel is a dominant male figure that restricts the female of basic things like playing. Works cited Hudock, Amy, et al. Feminism in Literature. New York Thomson Gale, 2005. Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York Facts On File, 2006. Joyce, James. Eveline. N. p. Pennsylvania State University, 2005.

Success In Modern Bodybuilding EPQ Project Report

Female eubstancebuilding has go up in popularity, besides due to a lack of inquiry and the subtile size of this shed, hardly male competitors will be addressed. The purpose of this project is to provide readers with the details on what they can do to become a successful bodybuilder. Due to personal inte sojourn in the sport the try for is to expand personal knowledge and to sh atomic number 18 this. My opinion on the research is distinguished in the text it is presented in italics so it stands out. Readers should be broad- chiefed and draw their own conclusions, as bodybuilding is subjective and there atomic number 18 many debates, it is p to individuals to understand themselves.Former BIBB Pro bodybuilder Ronnie Coleman (pictured above) 1 regimen A bodybuilders viands stimulates vigor grog. N/the and recovery. Typically, bodybuilders take in betray meals in small portions to constantly feed muscles. Jay Cutler recommends eight meals a day but some fourth dimensions he would baffle more. The following sections will focus on off-season bodybuilding. Protein Protein is extremely essential 3 This phrase sums up the popular follow on protein. Its been shown protein enhances the body ability to send vital muscle-building nutrients to damaged muscles.This surgical process avails muscles recover and grow. Leman et al. (1992) recommends 0. Egg/Bib. Of protein per day based on a champaign where no contrasts in muscle mass were present in subjects on 0. Egg/lb. Or 1. Egg/lb. 4 over a 4-week period. The figures atomic number 18 debated with some bodybuilders taking up to g/Bib. But realistically that is an extra amount and the studies are inevitably correct. Carbohydrates Charles Lambert found any iodin in bodybuilding should have around 55-60% of his or her diet as carbohydrates (carobs). 5 This is because carobs are our main source of energy.The body breaks carobs down so that they can be used or energy. Therefore, they prove as key for utiliz ations and putting on mass due to the filling quality. Within the bodybuilding community its wide agreed that carobs should be the highest consumed encountering in the diet. Absentmindedness recommends that egg over bodyweight in pounds of disinfect carobs should be taken in per day 6 this would include foods very much(prenominal) as brown rice, which is considered a good crab. Bodybuilders steer can of high-risk carobs which consist of foods such as white bread, which the body digests quickly.The original call are complex and simple carobs. Its impossible to agrees that good carobs are better, but having a diet full of them is a step too far, once in a while have a few bad carobs. Bodybuilding encourages everything in moderation. Fats In order to gain mass You need to be in a caloric surplus. 7 Fats are argued to be essential to bodybuilders. As the quote says, you must eat more than what is needed to gain muscle. Fats help our body function and contain nine calories per gra m. So, they give cud of calories, and discipline the body can carry out the processes for muscle growth.The Mens wellness natural bodybuilding Bible 8 states the key fats to incorporate into a diet are mega-3 and omega-6, as they are most vital in body functions, as well as helping joints. 9 Other foods sweetie water intake keeps nutrients moving in your bloodstream and into muscle cells. 10 Within bodybuilding it is vital to keep hydrated because, as shown by the quote it promotes growth. Muscles feed upon nutrients to grow and recover. Therefore, water enhances this process and allows for greater muscle growth. Obsolescing. Com recommends that bodybuilders take in 1-2 gallons of water per day. 1 But, dont drink too much flooding your cells is dangerous. A part of bodybuilding nutrition is too vitamins and minerals. more agree that the addition of such microinstructions are essential for making continue and figures like Ronnie Coleman (Appendix 3) have created their own bran d of multivitamins and minerals. They certainly arent essential citizenry like Coleman who have retired have best interests in profit. If you can apply them, then its good, but foods are just as good. 12 Overall, its clear nutrition is one of the most important factors in attaining success.Whilst the intake of microinstructions in terms of amount is often debated, there is no doubt that as a whole, bodybuilding success is largely reliant on nutrition. A lot of people consider nutrition as a unvoiced topic. Facts are that its not, just give-up the ghost enough protein in your diet, add plenty of good carobs and occasionally have some fats. Rest quietus Its been shown whilst we sleep, we memorialize our greatest anabolic state. Human growth hormone is released at the blistering rate whilst sleeping. Thus, it is the best time for muscle to grow and repair. It is one of the only times that muscle can grow as it is rare we scratch an anabolic state.Dry. Felicia Stoles states, You give your body the chance to repair, recharge, and regret 13 So sleep is the only way we can build pregnant amounts of muscle. The same argument follows that if sleep allows for the longest anabolic State, then one should utilities that Breed Bernstein recommends 7-8 hours sleep for the average person, but to also have nearsighted naps where possible and extend sleep. 14 In reality you probably get less than the recommended hours because of school, work or other things in your life. So dont regain you must get exactly eight hours, just have tiny naps for sleep that you miss.Rest betwixt workouts Rest is also taken amongst workouts. When work out muscle fibers break down and this can cause slow onset muscle soreness (DOOMS). Our bodies ill use nutrients to repair muscles, which in turn causes groom as they are repaired bigger. But muscles need time to fully recover before they can be efficiently worked again. Cobol 961 recommends that by and by two years of being in the gym, you should only be information each muscle type once a week intensely. He adds anyone under this can target muscles two to three times a week less intensely. 5 Bodybuilders usually train six times a week and use one day as a rest day as muscles can be targeted sufficiently, but also have the chance to recover. Whilst its hard to disagree with Scoops, bear in mind even if your muscles are a little sore you can quench train them lightly. An interpretation of Cobol 961 s advice -? presented in graph form showing progress is made within the gym up to a certain point. Pictured above 16 Rest between sets During a workout rest is needed between sets and this can influence the muscle gained. The leafy vegetable goal of a bodybuilder is to build muscle, and when they are newspaper clipping its to set fire to fat.So, the common view held by participants within the sport is that 60-90 seconds break is optimal. For example, Phil heathland (Appendix 4) states rest periods should be b etween one ND three transactions depending on the intensity of the previous set. 17 Anything above this is geared towards forcefulness as mechanical tension suffers. But if a bodybuilder is cutting they may shorten these rest periods to as low as 30-45 seconds. 18 However, recent research by fitness experts within the field have made changes to several views. Brad Schoenberg and Men Homelands reviewed many studies that focused on rest intervals between working sets.They concluded you can self-select a rest period that allows you to exert the needed effort into your next set without conciliatory hypertrophied results. 19 1 would go the research here there are very few people who actually count the seconds between sets. Rest is a big debating point in bodybuilding and a lot of research has gone into the topic. In my opinion, you need the correct rest. Sleep is vital overstraining is a problem one must avoid, and rest between sets must be made appropriate for the individual. I agree with Antonio De amusement park in the belief that rest is one of the key factors for success in bodybuilding.

Biomedical Engineering Essay

Medicine, biology, research, and engineering argon number blocks for the profession of a bio medical examination engineer. biomedical engineering deals with the application of adepts knowledge of engineering to euphony and biology to help with healthcare. To join this profession you indigence at the stripped of a bachelors degree in biomedical engineering. on that point are many a(prenominal) types of biomedical engineering such as tissue, genetic, neural, clinical and pharmaceutical, and with each they require special expertise. This profession is fast paced and filled with excitement, biomed impart forever be evolving as the research and knowledge of all things medical grow. presently biomedical engineering is a larger profession than many see and is broken into many sub-specialties that require even a higher(prenominal) level of education and experience. Biomedical engineering requires a higher level of education after(prenominal) high school. outright before college f or those interested they should cypher in advanced math and science classes to help with better preparation. today while youre in college obtaining an internship would be really beneficial to acquire a job after graduating since most are looking for those with experience. Biomedical engineering includes coursework from both engineering and biology.Depending on your school the subjects vary only if will normally include biomaterials, physiology, solid and fluid mechanics, and computer programming. straightaway if you enroll in a biomedical engineering program it must(prenominal)(prenominal) be accredited by ABET, if not your degree whitethorn not help you get a job after graduation. Well after graduation a brighter world opens up to you and you have a broad variety of an some other(prenominal) directions to travel be guinea pig biomedical engineering doesnt fairish stop there. Tissue engineering is the study for the growth of new connector tissues, organs, etc. This al lo w-spiriteds the creation of fully functional organs for implantation into array bodies. Sounds quite an innovative and it is with the direct implantation over transplantation which could cause the host body to reject the organ causing further problems. now to breach down this process first a sample of cells would be taken from the host body, which soon after will be genteel from explants. Culturing explants is basically the process of migrating and the expansion of cells. Then the cells get further culturing to number tissue thats been engineered for implantation. Now these experiments are carried out within special Tissue Culture Facilities to keep a safe and sterile environment.Now whenthese donor implants are created they are given growth measures so the cells hatful mul spotly and grow so once implanted they will whet their intended functions. Now thats quite fascinating, scarcely this is just the tip of the ice berg theres much more to be unfolded. Genetic engineering deals with the manipulation and changing of cells and their makeup. Often people think of this being a way to create super organisms, which is actually quite true in a sense. This part of biomedical engineering helps scientist break through the boundaries that restricts them from creating novel organisms. Novel organisms are organisms that sack buoy produce materialization with new gene combinations through sexual reproduction. Now this process takes go in when engineers extract specific gene traits and transfers them into another specimen. Therefore new combinations of genes and traits stick a path for new species that doesnt occur in genius and by which cant be developed by inwrought means. Although these may be great feats this is one of the riskier specialties.Alongside the benefits adding unnatural genes and traits can bring forth unknown consequences, simply this is someones prospective and our future. Neural engineering runs on the principals of wanting to understand the brain and how it works all the while developing new technology to interact and apportion the brain. These engineers are taught about fundamental diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, tinnitus, and epilepsy. Other skills that are needed for this profession include signal processing, image processing, instrumentation and computational modeling as well as electrode design, amplifier and filter design, brain apparatus interfaces, cochlear implants, and deep brain stimulation. Now all of that sounds over whelming but neural engineering requires some of the top precision because the brain is something homogeneous the bodies controller. So being an amateur in this field is not something thats accepted. Clinical engineering deals with the stride towards better technology to analyze and stomach solutions for the clinical needs of patients.This field is quite diverse and covers a plenitude of areas within health care. These engineers work with complex human and technological sys tems. Now these men/women are the technical managers of the medical equipment, some of their responsibilities include financial or budgetary management, service contract management, data processing and in house operators. In adjunct they also fill other all important(p) functions like assuring that the medical equipment is safe and effective. Clinicalengineers are one of the more precise and helpful of the engineers because they work with medical, nursing and paramedical result to ensure that the care their trying to deliver with the assistance of technology is being worked to the best of its ability. Pharmaceutical engineering is the field that deals with the creating and manufacturing plants and pharmaceutical products that are generated by these plants. These engineers help create the guidelines that regard the production of medical drugs in addition to their other work.Now alike the tissue engineers their sites of work but suffer sanitary all the time on a count of the dru gs and other items they handle. Labeling and packaging these pharmaceuticals after validating the integrity is another task they must handle. It may sound odd but a major setting of the job is being able to designing the pharmaceutical facility. They must build pharmaceutical and research facilities while considering the equipment needed and the cleanrooms and other utility move they use. Clean rooms are an enclosed area that have low numbers of environmental pollutants, like dust or other things that can contaminate, this is somewhat of a Pharmaceutical engineers sanctuary in a way.In conclusion biomedical engineering is a very demanding yet interesting profession and can branch off into other specialties to enhance the fascinating experience. As you read through some of them you may have realize that each have their own intricate points, but all of them have one common goal and thats to provide healthcare and its people with the best of the best no matter what their in need of. No matter which direction you decide to go with youll need a concise clear mind and an education to back it up. This is a very advanced profession and will only grow upon itself for age to come, so if this profession is chosen be sure that youre have and filled with enthusiasm and ambition because it will be needed.Works CitedKing, YaShekia, and E. E. Hubbard. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . Neural design. Emphasis Areas Undergraduate Program Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.. Trinity College Dublin. What Is Clinical Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . What Is Genetic Engineering? conjunction of Concerned Scientist Citizens and Scientist for Environmental Soultions. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . What Is Tissue Engineering. What Is Tissue Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. .

Leadership police

The police military posture in the US is one of the most controversial departments of the criminal justice. The liven up of duties assigned to the police requires high sense of responsibility, discipline, integrity and openness. As honor enforcers, police ar supposed to adhere to a strict edict of ethics which spells the dos and donts for police officers in the raceway of executing their duties and their general conduct especially with the in the reality eye(predicate), victims and offenders. This paper discusses leading issues poignant police in an effort to analyze how leading of the police affects think over process for the police officers.Barbuto, (1997) defines leaders as the offering of guidance and pauperism to subordinates in an effort to get things done. leading is very central to the performance of an organization as it is viewed as the engine of an organization. Good leadership leads to enlarge in job performance due to passing motivated staff. In additio n, good leadership creates an environment ideal for a aggroup warmheartedness to thrive something which eventually leads to achievement of organizational or group goals (Bass, 1999).On the contrary, wretched leadership brings about low morale in the team as good as low job performance compared to the bit whereby a good leadership results into a synergetic effect which is wishings when subordinates lack a sense of direction and therefore end up displace in different directions (Sparrowe, Soetjipto, & Kraimer, 2006). A job as a righteousness enforcement requires team spirit because of the fact that most missions call for execution by teams.To be able to achieve the desired results, team members have to interrelate well, resolve conflicts in a positive manner and adhere to the stipulated tag of ethics (C other(a)n, 2006). Law enforcers are required to particularly function in accordance to the code of ethics, presumptuousness the fact they are subjected to a component of sc rutiny by the media, and watch bodies, such as human rights bodies. On top of the above, police officers are expected to demonstrate high public relations and communicating skills.This guidance is supposed to come from the top leadership. How communication is done in the law enforcement department can have a bearing in the performance of the law enforcers especially those dealing with K-12 take aim students where a lot of scrutiny is directed at by touch on parents who constantly want to be assured of their childrens safety. Poor leadership leads to low moral in the work force something which results in poor job performance hence poor service delivery to the public (Neider, & Schriesheim, 1996). This has both direct and indirect associated costs to the citizens given the fact that, the law enforcers are responsible for maintaining security, law and order in the society.Therefore, a less(prenominal) motivated workforce has implications on rate of crime as well as rise in insecurity . In an increasingly free foodstuff economy, law enforcers who may feel uncomfortable with poor leadership are likely to quit job and join private companies or other government departments of their choice. There is a need for good leadership inorder to distract the high officer turnover which is very costly to the government given the high cost of training officers which is usually borne by the government.Poor leadership in the law enforcement department results in poor team spirit and therefore defragmentation. This is risky especially in this post 9/11 era whereby the police force must remain as total as possible to avoid infiltration. Competency, unity and commonness of purpose is what is highly required in the police force. Several measures can be taken to ensure the above is achieved.ConclusionSuch measures include motivation of officers finished introduction of incentives such as pay-for-performance, career growth and development opportunities, fortress from victimizatio n, provision of an enabling job environment such as ripe crime control equipment as well as improving the tonus of life of officers through pay increases. All the above are scarce possible if the police department is going to embrace good leadership strategies by adopting hybrid leadership methods and perhaps depart from the rigid and environmentalist bureaucratic leadership which is highly centralized.ReferencesBarbuto, J., (1997). Taking the Charisma Out of Transformational Leadership. ledger of Social Behavior & Personality, 12(3), p. 689-697. Retrieved February 26, 2007, from EBSCOhost database.Bass, B. M. (1999). On the taming of charisma A reply to Janice Beyer. Leadership QuarterlyWinter 1999, 10(4), p. 541-553.Cothern, C. (2006). Leaders Insight Leaders decease Three Mistakes. Christianity TodayInternational/Leadership Journal.Neider, L. & Schriesheim, C. (1996). Path-goal leadership theory The languish and winding road.Leadership Quarterly, 7 (3).Sparrowe, R., Soetjip to, B., & Kraimer, M. (2006). Do Leaders Influence tactical maneuver Relate toMembers Helping Behavior? It Depends on the Quality of the Relationship. Academy of management Journal, 49(6), p. 1194-1208.

Applying Family Systems Theory to Early Childhood Practice Essay

In this article, Christian (2006) discusses the six characteristics of family systems germane(predicate) to early childhood practice. The author believes that instructors harbour a role in discovering and improving family systems to maximize childrens abilities. Therefore, early childhood t for each oneers should consider these characteristics to assist decide the best approach for students.The first characteristic is boundaries. There are two kinds of boundaries, namely disengaged and enmeshed. The first departs children to decide on their own and get hold of new friends, ideas, etc. but tend to be un inclined bit the former(a) s from outside of the family. The second is more strict and attached it supports and guides an individual in making decisions, but usually expects avid ossification with family rules. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of both kinds, the teacher should respect and support family boundaries in order to oppose accordingly to needs.The second cha racteristic is roles. Family roles have a signifi corporationt entrap on students behavior. For instance, the eldest child tends to be more mature than others and shimmer as the peacemaker, helper, etc. Teachers should recognize these roles and provide role playing situations where students can get to play other roles. Also, teachers should make families recognize their students strengths through makeup simple notes.The third is rules. Teachers should know family rules of students in order to avoid puzzling them with school rules. For instance, explain why a certain rule whole caboodle in school but not at home, and vice versa. Teachers should have a positive outlook in striking a equalizer between both. Also, rules should be stated clearly because unspoken rules could lead to misfortune to obey them.The fourth characteristic is pecking order. Families observe a certain hierarchy in the house. This points to the power to decide within a family. Teachers should be polished re garding this and observe the effect of family systems of each individual. For example, there are seasons when a child exercises power over others due to hierarchy experienced at home. Importantly, teachers should vary activities to make students experience a different hierarchy concept. other characteristic is climate. This is the emotional and physical environment the child has. The role of the teacher is to ensure that the child has a positive climate at home. To do this, they could organize a talk with parents to find out and suggest a better climate parents can offer. Also, the climate in school should allow venue for positive feedback and healthy sensory experiences.The last one is equilibrium. This refers to the wiz of balance within the family. Equilibrium should manifest in all aspects, much(prenominal) as health, emotions, activities, finance, etc. It can only be achieved by undergoing changes from time to time. For example, if a family experiences difficulty because of a daughters illness, parents cannot be focus only on the ill member. They should devote equal time for their other children who equally need care and attention. As professionals, teachers can guide parents to appraise equilibrium in their family.The suggestions the author makes in this article are precise significant. Considering the characteristics mentioned might help each family become more well-knit, thus maximize intellectual and emotional development of the students. To effect this, teachers should have willingness, sincerity, and respect for each student and the family system where they belong.ReferenceChristian, Linda Garris. (2006). Applying family systems theory to early childhood practice. Retrieved 5 November 2008, from http//journal.naeyc.org/btj/200601/ChristianBTJ.asp

History of Indian Constitution Essay

THE CABINET MISSION purposeIn 1946, at the initiative of British Prime Minister temperate Attlee, a cabinet mission to India was formulated to discuss and finalize plans for the head of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership and providing India with independence under normal status in the Commonwealth of Nations. The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and laid down in near detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body. Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were terminate by August 1946. With the independence of India on August 15, 1947, the helping fable became a fully sovereign body and began work on 9 December 1947.THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYThe Constitution was drafted by the Constituent meeting place, which was elect by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Shyama Prasad Muk herjee were some all important(predicate) figures in the Assembly. thither were much than 30 members of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represent the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were delineated by H. P. Modi and R. K. Sidhwa. The Chairman of the Minorities military commission was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a distinguished Christian who represented all Christians other than Anglo-Indians.Ari Bahadur Gururng represented the Gorkha Community. Prominent jurists like Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, B. R. Ambedkar, Benegal Narasingh Rao and K. M. Munshi Ganesh Mavlankar were also members of the Assembly. Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur were important women members. The first president of the Constituent Assembly was Sachidanand Sinha later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly. The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time in the year 1946 on December 9.DRAFTINGIn the August 14, 1947 meeti ng of the Assembly, a aim for forming various committees was presented. Such committees include Committee on Fundamental Rights, the trade union Powers Committee and Union ConstitutionCommittee. On August 29, 1947, the bill of exchangeing Committee was appointed, with Dr. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with six other members. A selective service Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on November 4, 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindoo and English) on the January 24, 1950. Two days later, the Constitution of India became the law of all the Indian lands.STRUCTURE OF THE UNION GOVERNMENTThe basic form of the Union authorities envisaged in the Constitution was introduced by Dr. Ambedkar as follows, A democractic executive must(prenominal) satisfy two conditions1. It must be a stable executive, and2. It must be a responsible executive.Unfortunately, it has not been possible so outlying(prenominal) to devise a system which can ensure both conditions in equal degree. .. The daily assessment of responsibility, which is not available in the American system is, it is felt, cold more effective than the periodic assessment and far more necessary in a country like India. The Draft Constitution in recommending the parliamentary system of Executive has preferred more responsibility to stability. India, thus adopted a Parliamentary form of government, with the prexy as the nominal head of the Executive and the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers wielding existing power.

Are Ghosts Real or Not

Ghosts atomic number 18 real. First, the close important issue to bang is that ghosts atomic number 18 just human beings non living in sensual bodies. These are state just equivalent you and me. Like people ein truthwhere, ghosts provide be friendly, scary, smart, and stupid and everything in between, but theyre just people. twain skeptics and longing believers in the telepathic admit that supernatural and unexplainable military actionsightings of ghost, life-time and/or aliens is on the rise. If there is no supernatural, what are these apparitions?Millions of bore viewing audience are gobbling up popular movies such as Ghost, Casper the neighbourly Ghost, beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video fantasy and arcade games featuring ghosts, skeletons, and mummies and beings living aft(prenominal) death are the rage. ? The most logical place to go to rent the facts ab expose supernatural things is the Bible. the ane authority on things that cannot be seen or explained by natural priming coatly laws. And indeed, the Bible does indicate that paranormal practise and interest in the spirit world would increase at the very end of time.Even more alarmingly, the Bible warns that these animate will come-on multitudes into world wide deception. And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come come in of the speak of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, releaseing miracles, which go aside unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of matinee idol Al mighty. manifestation 1613-14. With this in mind, how vital it is that we understand what the Bible rates to the highest degree ghosts, spirits, and the afterlife. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, travel Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http//www. afterlife-knowledge. com/bnddoubt. html ? Ghosts are the minds way of interpreting how the or ganic structure reacts to certain surroundings, say UK psychologists. A chill in the air, low-light conditions and as yet magnetized fields may trigger feelings that a presence is in a room but that is all they are, feelings. This explanation of ghosts the result of a outstanding study which researchers led hundreds of volunteers around two of the U.Ks supposedly most haunted locations Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his colleagues say their work has thrown up virtually interesting data to suggest wherefore so many people can be spooked in the selfsame(prenominal) building but provides no picture that ghosts are real. apprehension acquire it will never know everything about the universe. Science in like manner accepts that without evidence there is no knowledge, only guesses. Ghosts might exist, so might Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We enquire evidence to demonstrate it, though.The possibility is not enough to authorization belief, as a whole bunch of things could be possible accomplishment is the frame of weeding out the actual from the possible. ____________________ ? http//www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/ghosts/sub7. html Lights turning remove and on likewise, these events are seldom seen actually occurring, but the lights are switched on or off when the experiencer knows they were not left that way. This can also happen with TVs, radios and some other electrically powered items. unexplained shadows the sighting of fleeting shapes and shadows, usually seen out of the boxwood of the eye.This phenomenon has also been discussed in some detail in tush People. curious animal behavior a dog, cat or other front-runner be bears strangely. Dogs may bark at something unseen, cower without apparent yard or refuse to enter a room they normally do. Cats may appear to be watching something cross a room. Feelings of being watc hed this is not an grotesque feeling and can be attributed to many things, but it could have a paranormal source if the feeling consistently occurs in a special(a) part of the house at a particular time. perceive a door open or close is one thing. very perceive it happen is kinda another. Feelings of being touched(p) the feeling of being watched is one thing, and actually feeling like you are being touched is quite another. Some people feel something brush past them, something cutaneous senses their pilus or a hand on the shoulder. Cries and whispers on occasion, dense voices, voicelessness and crying can be heard. Sometimes its music from some nameless source.Cold or hot spots cold spots are simple haunting symptoms, but any instance of a broad division in temperature without a discernable cause could be evidence. Unexplained smells the discrete fragrance of a perfume or cologne that you do not have in your house. Physical assault scratches, slaps and hard shov es. This chassis of ad hominem assault is extremely rare, but obviously highly disturbing. some other tangible evidence unexplained writing on paper or walls handprints and footprints. Apparitions physical manifestation of a spirit or entity.Are Ghosts genuine or Not Ghosts are real. First, the most important thing to know is that ghosts are just human beings not living in physical bodies. These are people just like you and me. Like people everywhere, ghosts can be friendly, scary, smart, and stupid and everything in between, but theyre just people. Both skeptics and ardent believers in the paranormal admit that supernatural and unexplainable activitysightings of ghost, spirit and/or aliens is on the rise. If there is no supernatural, what are these apparitions?Millions of eager viewers are gobbling up popular movies such as Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video fantasy and arcade games featuring ghosts, skeletons, and mummies and beings alive after death are the rage. ? The most logical place to go to get the facts about supernatural things is the Bible. the one authority on things that cannot be seen or explained by natural earthly laws. And indeed, the Bible does indicate that paranormal activity and interest in the spirit world would increase at the very end of time.Even more alarmingly, the Bible warns that these spirits will lure multitudes into world wide deception. And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. Revelation 1613-14. With this in mind, how vital it is that we understand what the Bible says about ghosts, spirits, and the afterlife. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996 -2003) http//www. afterlife-knowledge. com/bnddoubt. html ? Ghosts are the minds way of interpreting how the body reacts to certain surroundings, say UK psychologists. A chill in the air, low-light conditions and even magnetic fields may trigger feelings that a presence is in a room but that is all they are, feelings. This explanation of ghosts the result of a large study which researchers led hundreds of volunteers around two of the U.Ks supposedly most haunted locations Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his colleagues say their work has thrown up some interesting data to suggest why so many people can be spooked in the same building but provides no evidence that ghosts are real. Science accept it will never know everything about the universe. Science also accepts that without evidence there is no knowledge, only guesses. Ghosts might exist, so might Bigfoot, Nessie, and D avid Icke. We need evidence to demonstrate it, though.The possibility is not enough to warrant belief, as a whole bunch of things could be possible science is the system of weeding out the actual from the possible. ____________________ ? http//www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/ghosts/sub7. html Lights turning off and on likewise, these events are seldom seen actually occurring, but the lights are switched on or off when the experiencer knows they were not left that way. This can also happen with TVs, radios and other electrically powered items. Unexplained shadows the sighting of fleeting shapes and shadows, usually seen out of the corner of the eye.This phenomenon has also been discussed in some detail in Shadow People. Strange animal behavior a dog, cat or other pet behaves strangely. Dogs may bark at something unseen, cower without apparent reason or refuse to enter a room they normally do. Cats may seem to be watching something cross a room. Feelings of being watched this is not an uncommon feeling and can be attributed to many things, but it could have a paranormal source if the feeling consistently occurs in a particular part of the house at a particular time. hearing a door open or close is one thing. Actually seeing it happen is quite another. Feelings of being touched the feeling of being watched is one thing, and actually feeling like you are being touched is quite another. Some people feel something brush past them, something touching their hair or a hand on the shoulder. Cries and whispers on occasion, muffled voices, whispering and crying can be heard. Sometimes its music from some unknown source.Cold or hot spots cold spots are classic haunting symptoms, but any instance of a noticeable variance in temperature without a discernable cause could be evidence. Unexplained smells the distinct fragrance of a perfume or cologne that you do not have in your house. Physical assault scratches, slaps and hard shoves. This kind of personal assault is extremely rare, but obviously highly disturbing. Other physical evidence unexplained writing on paper or walls handprints and footprints. Apparitions physical manifestation of a spirit or entity.

Harold Lasswell Essay

Harold Lasswell, political scientist, defines politics as a king exertion about who gets what, when, and how. David Easton defines politics as an every last(predicate)ocation of visions. David Easton defines politics as the dictatorial apportionment of values or unprecedented resources. These resources argon divided in three general types. Describe these types. The three resources argon1. Political resources This resource refers to the countrys power, prestige, and status, back ended by their military power.They are called scarce resources because they are looked at in the hierarchical arrangement in the instauration order.2. Economic resources This resource includes the states financial resources (wealth, annual theme income, supply of capital, and investment opportunities), industrial and agricultural production, and natural resources (oil, coal, water, and mineral resources). These are also scarce resources as well such as crude and Water. We must consider we can do w ithout Oil but non Water.It is possible we might see water wars likely in the twenty-first century.3. Social and cultural resources This resource is related, not directly, to the global struggle for power (The struggle to compete for and reach dominance in an organization, a state, a region of the world, or the whole world). Unlike the other two resources, these resources are scarce and unequally distributed around the globe. As if you were a policy ratiocination maker, recommend to your chairperson which of these resources the government should focus on acquiring.As a policy decision maker, I would recommend to my chairman to utilize all three resources. I really believe I would tell the President to be more accountable with all the resources. I would recommend to our President to choose the Economic resource first. I chose this first because of our country is set about at this moment are tremendous hardships. Because we did not get ourselves in this situation, we are facing w hat the previous Presidents decision and we are cleaning up now. Discuss how you can achieve the maximum allocation for the resources you choose.I really believe that I would have done by taxing all like the President has. I would also get through back like he has done by giving back 5% of his income. All the congress would have to give back 5% of their income. I would cut back on the costs of entertaining that goes on within the White House. The traveling costs and the entertaining would have to rest period each other out. The second that I would choose Education and jobs as well as healthcare is my next goal. I would make authentic the Veterans and the Seniors as well as the people who are disable.

Is Child Behavior Better or Worse Today Than It Was Years Ago Essay

Pargonnts steady d profess the doings of their pincerren. If a rise up is willing to take the time and deed at being consistent, children benefit. If you say no,it must meanno. It may mean that as a parent, you must get attain that sofa and physically STOP a child from misbehaving even requiring the child to remain in a time out location for conflicting manner. lifts who try to discipline their children by just telling them to stop a behavior, are not teaching the children respect authority, nor are they befriending the child to become a responsible adult.Having said that, there faces to be a greater reckon of parents who are unwilling to spend the time and apparent movement necessary to properly teach their children how to be down, resulting in a greater number of children who miss behave. Family life compared to a hundred age ago is on the decline. Everyone moves at a fast pace these days. My Father and Mother are working to maintain the home, while my sisters and my brother are left to their own devices and there isnt a coming together to sit wipe out and communicate on some level.There just doesnt seem to be enough time in the day. Technology has advanced so much compared to a hundred years ago, that we are well on our way to fuel less cars and robotic companions. Yet, with advanced technology comes the added responsibilities to maintain and adjudicate out other avenues for even far move advanced technologies to help support the life styles we have come accustomed to. Is this then advance than before when we were thankful just to have light and running wet in the ho recitation? Education is by far better today than a hundred years agoThe fields of acquisition have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. Yet, with this privilege of hireing has came a decline in our education system. The lack of adequate teachers, the lofty rise in disrespect for auth ority, just the lack of caring whether you learn or not has affected our education system. A hundred years ago the thought of a higher education was just a dream for most. If you acquired a fifth grade reading level you were doing good. skill was a privilege, and yet today we cast an education around as if it were an article of clo matter. While there has been such great strides in our would today compared to a hundred years ago, we have missed out on the carefree, thankfulness, and appreciation of the things and others around us. We take for granted what we hoped to have or even imagined we could have years ago. But now in this generation child behavior is much worse than it was years ago. Disrespect for authority figures. The severance lies with the parents to be sure.We are told to cater to our childrens emotional needs and that coperal puminshment is bad for them. tikeren convey constant training, patience and love most of todays parents are too lively or selfish to make th is kind of investment. If children are allowed to control and contain their parents as in the description above, the parent will be lost(p) to teach that child allthing. Oh I agree its worse. This is a prime model of a child rearing gone wrong and the sad thing is its all too common these days. Children are not embossed to respect anything or anyone, and they suffer no consequences.If these children are our future, we are in trouble. -Beating Death Structure-setting a strong foundation for a successful future. any expert will tell you that every child needs coordinate to flourish- especially teens. As parents today we face an even greater contest because of working parents, more activities and mobility of kids and teens, communication devices and networking websites. The purpose of the Parent Teen /Child Behavior contracts is to arrive at a structure that eliminates gray areas, creates new habits, and helps create a peaceful home with more contentment and less chaos.Parent Contracts behavior charts and behavior contracts were design for parents with children or teens who need a pocket-size guidance with rules, respect,and boundaries. We created the parent child contracts in an easy to use do and anyone can download the file to a MAC or PC computer. The parent teen agreements can be printed and filled out easily. The parent contract elements are displayed on different pages so you can use any parent child agreement youd like or throw away a certain behavior contract that gullt need to be used in your home with your youth.The teen /child behavior contracts were developed by troubled teen attention experts. This included professionals who have worked with defiant youth and used successful behavior modifacation tools including their own teen behavior contracts (home contracts). As we have updated the behavior charts and behavior contract templates we have consulted with some of the most experiences parent coaches and licensed and therapist to create t he best parent teen child contracts.

Strategies to Implement Sustainability Programs

Strategic bestow cosmic string focus exclusive date Table of Contents Content entranceway What is bring out mountain filament Sustainability? Why is bestow set up Sustainability important?Traditional bring filament vs sustainable sum up kitchen stove Advantages of put out Chain Sustainability Strategies to implement sustainability in provide strand lick look1 Access the incumbent tag on range of mountains Step 2 Access Environment Current, Potential, and Future Imp lick Factors Step 3 valuation Identifying Potential Risks and Opportunities Step 4 Extend or Re-de crisscross the Supply Chain Strategy Step 5 & mensuration 6 Implementation with the sustainable Supply Chain Scorecard Conclusion References rapsc anyion No 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 AHMG Kibria scallywag 1 Strategic Supply Chain Management individualist grant Topic Strategies to implement sustainability programs in the sum train firms Introduction Environmental issues ar becoming the main conc erns of some an(prenominal) global turn in mountain orbit practitioners in todays world. In order to regale these emerging environmental issues, line of workes around the globe are looking for a total solution on the reduction of the waste generated from the current add together set up process. Meanwhile, implementation cost that is needed to implement these environmental issues plays a major part in their considerations in selecting an implementation dodging.Recent studies by Carter and Rogers (2008) emphasise that sustainable furnish kitchen range development in terms of genial, frugal, and environmental benefits should be leaven into consideration in a preparation twine practice. More specializedally, planning range charge can be delimit as the integration of the well-disposed, stinting, and environmental practices deep down a global issue reach that provide green produces, excellent services and accurate development sharing that beneficial to all empl oyees, shareholders, business partners and the wider community.The intent of this investigate is to put up strategies to implement sustainability in tote up chain firms. There are many different strategies have been determinationd by the yield chain firms. This shroud analysed six amount process entreees to implement sustainability in the supply chain process. What is Supply Chain Sustainability? Supply chain sustainability is the management of environmental, kind and economic impacts, and the encouragement of good governance practices, throughout the lifecycles of goods and services.The objective of supply chain sustainability is to create, protect and grow long-term environmental, social and economic rate for all stakeholders (consumers, community, government, corporation, employees etc). Why is Supply Chain Sustainability important? There are many reasons why companies start a supply chain sustainability journey. Primary among them is to agree compliance with laws and regulations and to support international principles for sustainable business conduct.In addition, companies are progressively taking actions that result in better social, economic and environmental impacts because society expects this and because there are business benefits to doing so. By managing and seeking to improve environmental, social and economic performance and good governance throughout supply manacles, companies act in their own interests, the interests of their stakeholders and the interests of society at large.According to Penfield (2009) Supply chain operations are thorough to sustainability performance and supplying for sustainability is being touted in management circles as the rising of agonistical supply chains. Traditional supply chain vs sustainable supply chain Conventional supply chains are more interested in serving the purpose of logistics than optimization. On the otherwise hand a concenter on sustainability aims at creating and protecting comfort with reference to long-term social, environmental and economic components in bringing goods AHMG Kibria knave 2 Strategic Supply Chain Management individual(a) Assignment and services to the market. The primacy of operations is to adequately meet current demands while reservation reserves for future generations. Linton et al (2007), indicates the focus of sustainable logistics is on optimization of resources along the entire production so that final production is of the highest value at the lowest cost. There is strategic optimization of resources, reduction of wastages, as well as utilization of supply by-products. In addition, it entails a focus beyond delivery to consumers, to other areas beyond the traditional scope of supply chain management.According to IBM report (2009) supply chain management in coetaneous business practice faces five key challenges cost containment, supply chain visibility, stake management, growing market demand and globalization impacts. Conventional chains only focused on delivering the end-products and, as such, suffered diminished returns owing to the yield in market and volatile consumers. On the other hand, supply chain sustainability seeks to not only deliver the utility, but also seeks to improve social, economic and environmental performance.As such, companies and supply chain managers deliver their own interests and those of the stakeholders and the society (Misra, et al. 2010). Advantages of Supply Chain Sustainability Social Advantage Primary benefits are derived from positive environmental and social outside(a)ities that are enjoyed by both customers and companies stakeholders alike. For example Wal-Mart has implemented a program that successfully minimises the waste allocated to landfill within the USA (19. 1%), and increasingly China and Brazil (52%), which has the potentiality to prevent 11. million metric rafts of CO2 emissions annually (Wal-Mart, 2012). Financial Advantage- Companies are realizing competiti ve benefits from investing in supply chain efficiency, Wal-Mart generated in excess of $231million in 2011 through a combination of increased recycling revenue and decreased expenses (Wal-Mart, 2012). Enhanced supply chain security Improvements in labour conditions has the compounded benefit of cut down employee induced work stoppages and can positively impact a confederations ability to continuously manufacture goods and services, increasing customer ecstasy and revenue.Increased competitiveness of suppliers Buyers increasingly interprets suppliers good CSR performance as a sign of strong overall management, which affects other elements of supplier development, such as lumber and on-time deliveries. In the long run, suppliers that work to continuously improve their environmental and social performance will gain better access to markets and clients (BSR Survey). Strategies to implement sustainability in supply chain process In order to develop strategies supply chain managers need to consider what a supply chain system is, link the dodging to the competitive strategy and sustainability.The following figure charges the trinity important elements in order to develop a successful sustainable supply chain. AHMG Kibria Page 3 Strategic Supply Chain Management undivided Assignment Figure Three areas to integrate sustainable supply chain Cetinkaya (2011) This report analyses an iterative six step process snuggle to implement sustainability in Supply chain firms. A systematic approach to strategy design and integration can help companies developing a sustainable supply chain to create a value proposition.This iterative six-step approach has to be seen as a cycle which should be execute regularly in your supply chain, since relevant conditions may change quite quickly and sometimes radically for example, the oil set spike of 2008. AHMG Kibria Page 4 Strategic Supply Chain Management unmarried Assignment Figure Steps of a sustainable supply chain strateg y Cetinkaya (2011) Step1 Access the current supply chain Step 1 aims to take stock of the current state of confederacy- and supply chain specific characteristics regarding strategy, resources, and current and planned practices.It is mainly concerned with internal factors and considers elements which are usually within the control of a company. It seeks to discover whether there is a common strategic alignment, and whether the cultivations of each strategy element are integrated, aligned, and complementary. A companys own supply chain strategy which is not aligned to the merged and cross-company supply chain strategy cannot be sustainable. Potential short- and long-term goal conflicts can rapidly become serious barriers to implementing a sustainable supply chain along its members especially if the supply chain is required to aline quickly to change.The analysis also shows if top management commitment is accustomed within the individual companies and the supply chain. In summary the findings from this step are ? ? ? ? The existing integrated and competitive strategies The sustainability strategies (if sustainability is not already part of the corporate strategy) The company-specific supply chain strategies, and finally The cross-company supply chain and collaboration strategy Cetinkaya (2011). AHMG Kibria Page 5 Strategic Supply Chain Management Individual AssignmentStep 2 Access Environment Current, Potential, and Future Impact Factors The second step of this process deals primarily with what is changing in the business environment, what kind of scenarios your company will face in the medium and long term, and finally, what the main driver of change may be. This will lead, together with the analysis from step 1, to the explanation of potential risks and opportunities for your supply chain strategy in step 3. Supply chain input resources such as fuel, energy, and natural resources nowadays be close attention in supply chain management logistics.The sl ip of rising prices and increasing scarcity harbor input resources major risk management factors in an economic perspective, especially when a company runs cost- and energy-sensitive supply chains. Understanding and forecasting input resource-related information helps in developing a sustainable supply chain strategy Cetinkaya (2011). Step 3 Evaluation Identifying Potential Risks and Opportunities After analysing first two steps of this process it is easier to lay potential risks and opportunities to implements sustainability in supply chain process.Supply chain firms can use framework to access supply chain capabilities in the context of the scenarios identify in the step2. The assessment then serves to picture supply chain specific Threat-OpportunityProfile. Companies need to understand the cause-and-effect relationships between potential success factors to undertake evaluation. For example, companies should be able to estimate that the regionalization of procurement structures in response to an oil price increase would be likely to reduce transport costs Cetinkaya (2011).Step 4 Extend or Re-design the Supply Chain Strategy Based on the Threat-Opportunity-Profile, now it is possible to define strategic gaps on the route to a sustainable supply chain gaps between current supply chain strategy and the changing business environment. The greater and more relevant the potential risks and opportunities, the larger will be the gaps, and the greater the need to act and make strategy changes. At this stage the following strategic programs can be distinguished 1. Compliance- to capture the benefit and competitive value of reducing and managing risk. 2.Process-Re-engineering- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of improving productivity and efficiency and in consequence, of reduced supply chain costs, increased resource productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. 3. Restructuring- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of the long term and fundame ntal improvement of effectiveness and early prevention of risk. 4. Innovation- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of differentiation. 5. Progression- to obtain the benefit of first mover advantage, and establishing market approach barriers Cetinkaya (2011).AHMG Kibria Page 6 Strategic Supply Chain Management Individual Assignment Step 5 & step 6 Implementation with the sustainable Supply Chain Scorecard After completing step1 to step4 companies must be able to develop appropriate scope of strategic vision and determine the right actions to align supply chain strategy to the changing business environment. These findings have been incorporated into the reformulation or redesign of existing supply chain strategy and the associated objectives. Now, the following step will show how to implement them.This search analyses Balanced Scorecard developed by Kaplan and Norton from 1990 in order to show implementation of findings from stage1 to stage4. Figure The Kaplan/Norton Balance d Scorecard Cetinkaya (2011) The Balanced Scorecard is a (performance) management system providing a framework to translate a strategy into balanced operational terms via objectives and measures, organised into four different perspectives financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. The measures represent a balance ?Between external measures for shareholders and customers, and internal measures of critical business processes, innovation , and learning and growth. ? Between the solvent measures the result from past efforts- and the measures that drive future performance, and ? Between objectives, easily quantified offspring measures and subjective, somewhat judgmental, performance drivers of the outcome measures. Scorecard the financial perspective valuate social and ecologic activities accurately from the economic point of view.Scorecard the sustainability perspective touch base financial figures with customer needs. Extend this link by the environme ntal and social perspective. AHMG Kibria Page 7 Strategic Supply Chain Management Individual Assignment Scorecard the supply chain perspective Incorporate tactical and strategic decisions along the end-to-end supply chain. Collaborate with your sales and product development departments and partners Cetinkaya (2011). Scorecard The learning and growth perspective Drive supply chain wide learning.So, after analysing Balance Scorecard it has seen that supply chain companies will be able to implement their strategy and also mensurate their strategy. Conclusion This research paper described the importance of sustainability in supply chain process. It also showed the differences between traditional supply chain and sustainable supply chain, the advantages of having sustainability in supply chain process. Most importantly this research analysed the strategy to implement sustainability.In order to do that it showed a six step process which is step1 access the current supply chain, step2 acc ess environment current, potential, and future impact factors, step3 evaluation identifying potential risks and opportunities, step4 extend or re-design the supply chain Strategy, step 5 & step 6 how to implement strategies with the sustainable supply chain scorecard which shows the financial, sustainable, supply chain and learning & growth perspective. Supply chain companies will be able to implement sustainability in their process by following these six step-by-step processes. AHMG Kibria Page 8Strategic Supply Chain Management Individual Assignment References ? BSR20, Maximizing Benefits From a Sustainable Supply Chain, BSR, March, 2011, viewed 28 September 2012, http//www. bsr. org/reports/BSR_Maximizing_Benefits_From_A_Sustainable_Supply_Chain. p df Carter, C. R. and Rogers, D. S. A framework of sustainable supply chain management moving towards new theory, International journal of corporeal Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 38, pp. 360-387, 2008. Cetinkaya, B. , 201 1, 1st edn, Developing a Sustainable Supply Chain Strategy, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, viewed at 13/11/12. http//www. pringer. com/business+%26+management/production/book/978-3-642-12022-0 IBM, 2009. The smarter supply chain of the future Global chief supply chain officer study, bare-assed York IBM Global Services. Linton, J. , Klassen, R. & Jayaraman, V. , 2006. Sustainable supply chains An introduction, Journal of operations management, Kaplan RS, Norton DP (1996) The balanced scorecard translating strategy into action. Boston, Mass Harvard Business naturalise Press Misra, V. , Khan, M. & Singh, U. , 2010, Supply chain management systems Architecture, design and vision, Journal of strategic innovation and sustainability, vol. , no. 4, pp. 102108. Penfield, P. 2009, Seven Steps to Implementing a Sustainable Supply Chain, Syracuse University, Charlotte. Sisco, C. , Chorn, B. , Jorgensen, P. , 2010, Supply Chain Sustainability- A Practical slide by for Continuous Improve ment, UN Global Compact Office and Business for Social Responsibility, viewed at 12/11/12 http//www. unglobalcompact. org/docs/issues_doc/supply_chain/SupplyChainRep_spread. pdf Walmart Boyend 50 years Building a sustainable future, Walmart, viewed 27/09/12 http//www. walmartstores. com/sites/responsibility-report/2012/ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? AHMG Kibria Page 9

Marketing Research †Final Exam Review Essay

Units 1-2One question will be drawn from the following. This is the hardly existent you need to know from the first two units except for material that has carried over into Unit 3. For instance, things like response types, population, sample, sampling distribution, etc. were cover in Unit 2. These concepts ar important to understanding the Unit 3 material, so you need to know them.Studying real organizations is sometimes the to the highest degree effective way to understand some marketing research concepts. In this course, class material has been illustrated through over fifty examples of real organizations. about of the examples and cases have been covered in the first two exams. These possible farsighted answer questions address examples and cases that have not been coveredt present arent that many of that havent been covered1. In the Diageo Captain Morgan notes case, what did focus choose to do and why? (4 pts) What was the outcome, and why did it happen? (4 pts) What is th e main(prenominal) lesson to take away from the case? (2 pts)2. In the cloth vs. disposable diapers case, attract the background and results of the two studies. (8 pts) What lesson does this illustrate about using secondary entropy for marketing research? (2 pts)3. In the Whirlpool case, what did marketing research studies show, and what did management decide to do? (6 pts) While management made a err angiotensin converting enzymeousness in hindsight, their reasoning made sense from the production sidewhy? (2 pts) There are several takeaway lessons from this case. Name one. (2 pts)Unit 3 There is only one possible long answer question, and here it isPart 1Do people in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Houston shed the same average amount on furniture each year, or are there differences between the cities? To answer this, a furniture beau monde gathered data from people in the four cities. The supervisor proposes that they contrast each pair of cities. So they would compare NYC vs. Chicago, NYC vs. LA, NYC vs. Houston, Chicago vs. LA, Chicago vs. Houston, and LA vs. Houston. If any of those pairs reveals a signifi understructuret difference with 95% confidence (i.e., you back end be 95% confident that the two groups are different), then they can conclude that the cities are not all the same.a. Briefly, why isnt this a good way to analyze the data? (5 pts) The problem with running 6 pair tests is that there is still a 5% chance that the z- repute we calculate will be a fluke that leads to a falsely conclusion. For each calculation done, there is an increased chance of error, thus we are six times more likely to get the wrong conclusion. This excretes you a descend of 1-(95/100) 6 = 0.265 = 26.5% chance of improperly rejecting at least one of your six calculations.b. What is a better method? You only need to give the name of the method. (2 pts)The better method to use is called analysis of variance aka analysis of variancePart 2When conducting a chi -square test, the expected frequencies are equal to(Row total x Column total) Grand totalHow is this formula derived from mathematical and probability rules? Be detailed. If it helps to explain it by referring to an actual remand, you can use the table below. (10 pts) This formula is derived by each individual amount being charge to each other individual amount. The probability of being in path A is A/E = one hundred fifty/253 = .5929 = 59.29% The probability of being in tugboat C is C/E = 135/253 = .5336 = 53.36% Thus when mathematically combining the probability of being in row A and column C is A/E x C/E = 150/253 x 135/253 = (150135)/253 = 80.04 which is the same asBDCAE.5929 x .5336 = .3164 x 253 = 80.04

Renaissance Drama in England

Renaissance maneuver in England From Medieval to Renaissance Drama ? Mystery plays -> ? Historical (chronicle) ? Miracle plays -> plays ? Tr venerableies ? Comedies ? righteousness plays -> ? Interludes -> Other public spectacles The Elizabethan Drama ? The Elizabethan geological era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the compass of drama. ? The Italian Renaissance had re cave ined the ancient Greek and Roman theatre, and this was instru custodytal in the instruction of the new drama, which was hence beginning to evolve apart from the grizzly mystery and miracle plays of the Middle Ages. The Italians were particularly inspired by Seneca (a major tragic dramatist and philosopher) and Plautus (comic cliches, especially that of the boasting soldier had a tidy influence on the Renaissance and after). ? However, the Italian tragedies embraced a principle reversion to Senecas ethics showing blood and violence on the stage. It is also line up that the Eli zabethan Era was a very violent age. As a result, representing that kind of violence on the stage in scenes of high ? sensual realism? was likely more cat hartic for the Elizabethan spectator. Lady Macbeth by tush Singer Sargent,1889Elizabethan Drama and teleph genius numbering Main Features ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The plays had 5 acts visible realism Issues borrowed from the ancient Greek drama (the chorus) Allegorical characters borrowed from the Medieval moralities Issues borrowed from the Italian drama (the pantomime) Exaggerated feelings ( hit the hay, hatred, revenge) Props and settings were simple Costumes were rich and in con bodism with the fashion of the time on that point was no curtain Women were non allowed to per determine. Spanish Tragedy by doubting doubting Thomas tiddler ? Examples Gorboduc (or Ferrex and Porrex) by Sackville Norton, TheThe Elizabethan w shutdowny house ? The establishment of large and profitable public theatres was an essential enabling s urvive out in the success of English Renaissance dramaonce they were in operation, drama could become a fixed and permanent rather than a transitory phenomenon. The crucial initiating development was the building of The Theatre by pack Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576. The Theatre was rapidly followed by the nearby drape Theatre (1577), the Rose (1587), the Swan (1595), the Globe (1599), the passel (1600), and the Red son of a bitch (1604).The Elizabethan Playhouse ? The public theatres were three stories high, and built around an stretch space at the centre. ? Usually polygonal in plan to salute an oerall rounded effect (though the Red Bull and the initial Fortune were squargon), the three levels of inwardfacing galleries overlooked the open center, into which jutted the stage essentially a syllabus surrounded on three sides by the audience, only the rear be restricted for the entrances and exits of the actors and seating for the musicians. The upper level behind the stage c ould be used as a balcony. Usually built of timber and stick on and with thatched roofs, the early theatres were vulnerable to fire, and were replaced (when necessary) with stronger structures. When the Globe burned down in June 1613, it was rebuilt with a tile roof. The English Renaissance Drama ? 1. The early tragedies ? 2. The early comedies ? 3. The plays of the ? University wits? ? 4. William Shakespe bes plays the university wits The decade of the 1590s, just before Shakespeare started his career, saw a radical transformation in popular drama. A group of welleducated men chose to write for the public stage, taking over native traditions.They brought new coherence in structure, and real wit and poetic power to the oral communication. They are cognize collectively as the University wits, though they did not always work as a group, and indeed wrangled with each other at times. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? John Lyly (1554-1606) Thomas Lodge (c. 1558-1625) Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Ro bert Greene (1560-1592) Thomas Nashe (1567-1601) George Peele Thomas Kyd Thomas Kyd (1558 1594) ? ? ? Th. Kyd was the author of The Spanish Tragedy, and ace of the most important figures in the development of Elizabethan drama.The Spanish Tragedie was probably written in the mid to new-fashioned 1580s. The earliest surviving edition was printed in 1592 the all-inclusive claim universe, The Spanish Tragedie, Containing the lamentable end of Don Horatio, and Bel-imperia with the pittifull wipeout of olde Hieronimo. However, the play was usually cognise simply as Hieronimo, after the protagonist. Kyd is more generally true to set more or less been the author of a Hamlet, the precursor of the Shakespearian play (Ur-Hamlet). Christopher Marlowe(1564 1593) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?The send-off of all Elizabethan tragedian before William Shakespeare, he is known for his magnificent blank verse, his vaulting protagonists, and his own untimely death. Marlowes most important plays in w hich he created his tytanic characters are Dido, Queen of Carthage (c. 1586) (possibly co-written with Thomas Nashe) Tamburlaine, part 1 (c. 1587) Tamburlaine, part 2 (c. 1587-1588) The Jew of Malta (c. 1589) Doctor Faustus (c. 1589, or, c. 1593) Edward II (c. 1592) The Massacre at Paris (c. 1593) Marlowe is often alleged to have been a government spy killed upon the orders of the Queen.William Shakespeare and His Contemporaries ? According to close to critics of his time, Shakespeare was vulgar, provincial and overrated. ? Robert Greene (1558 1592) is most familiar to Shakespeare scholars for his pamphlet Greenes Groats-Worth of Wit (full title Greenes Groats-worth of Wit bought with a Million of Repentance), which most scholars agree contains the earliest known quotation of Shakespeare as a member of the London dramatic community. In it, Greene disparages Shakespeare, for existence an actor who has the temerity to write plays, and for committing plagiarism. ? or there is an u pstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blanke verse as the best of you and being an direct Johannes fac totum, is in his owne conceit the onely Shake-scene in a countrey. William Shakespeare and His Contemporaries ? ? Francis Meres, one form younger than Shakespeare, described himself as Maister of Arte of both Universities in 1598 Meres published a work which has proven most valuable in dating Shakespeares plays, for he mentions many of them, and in the most laudatory terms.In Palladis Tamia, Wits Treasury, Meres begins by praising Shakespeares poetry the devil narrative poesys, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece, and the Sonnets hence analyzes Shakespeare to Plautus in comedy and to Seneca in catastrophe Shakespeare was not of an age, nevertheless for all time. ? These are the words of Shakespeares great friend and contemporary, Ben Jonson. The quotation comes from Jonsons poem, To the entrepot of my beloved, found in the initiatory page number of Shakespeares works, published in 1623. Ben Jonson (1572-1637) William Shakespeare (1564 1616) ? There is no simple explanation forShakespeares unrivaled popularity, but he re primary(prenominal)s our greatest entertainer and perhaps our most profound thinker. He had a remarkable knowledge of human behavior, which he was able to communicate done his portrayal of a wide variety of characters. ? His mastery of poetic language and of the techniques of drama enabled him to combine these multiple viewpoints, human motives, and actions to produce a unequivocally compelling theatrical experience. SHAKESPEARES EARLY YEARS English playwright William Shakespeare was innate(p) in a small house on Henley channel in Stratford-uponAvon in April 1564.The third of eight children, William Shakespeare was the eldest son of John Shakespeare, a locally heavy(p) glove-maker and wool merchant, and Mary Arden, the d aughter of a well-to-do landowner in the nearby village of Wilmcote. The young Shakespeare probably attended the Stratford grammar school, the powerfulnesss New School. Shakespeares Birthplace Stratford upon Avon On November 27, 1582, a license was issued to permit Shakespeares marriage, at the age of 18, to Anne Hathaway, aged 26 and the daughter of a Warwickshire farmer.The couples first daughter, Susanna, was born on May 26, 1583, and twins Hamnet and Judith who were named for their godparents, neighbors Hamnet and Judith Sadler followed on February 2, 1585. Anne Hathaway? s Cottage Charlecote Park, Sir Thomas Lucy? s Property Sometime after the birth of the twins, Shakespeare apparently leftfield Stratford, but no records have turned up to reveal his action mechanism amid their birth and his presence in London in 1592, when he was already at work in the theater. Shakespeare? s biographers just abouttimes put forward to the years between 1585 and 1592 as the lost years. Spe culations about this period abound. An unsubstantiated report claims Shakespeare left Stratford after he was caught poaching in the cervid park of Sir Thomas Lucy, a local justice of the peace. Another supposition has him leaving for London with a theater troupe that had performed in Stratford in 1587. SHAKESPEARE IN LONDON ? Shakespeare seems to have arrived in London about 1588, and by 1592 he had attained sufficient success as an actor and a playwright to attract the venom of Greene, an anxious rival. SOME OF SHAKESPEARES genesis HENRY WRIOTHESLEY RICHARD BURBAGE WILLIAM KEMPECRISTOPHER MARLOWE ? In 1594 Shakespeare became the member of Lord Chamberlains men and was supple in the formation of noteworthy theatre, the Globe. London The Globe Theater (rebuilt in 1997) London The Globe Theater (rebuilt in 1997) Shakespeares Last historic period Shakespeares community erected the storied Globe Theatre circa 1598 in Londons Bankside district. It was one of four major theatres in the area, a gigantic with the Swan, the Rose, and the Hope. After about 1608 Shakespeare began to write few plays. In 1613 fire destroyed the Globe Theatre during a mathematical process of total heat VIII.Although the Globe was quickly rebuilt, Shakespeare? s association with it and probably with the company had ended. Around the time of the fire, Shakespeare retired to Stratford, where he had established his family and become a prominent citizen. Shakespeare? s daughter Susanna had married John Hall, a doctor with a thriving practice in Stratford, in 1607. His younger daughter, Judith, married a Stratford winemaker, Thomas Quiney, in 1616. ? Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616 the month and day traditionally appoint to his birth and was buried in Stratfords Holy Trinity Church.He had make his will the previous month, ? in perfect health and memory.? The cause of his death is not known, though a report from the Holy Trinitys vicar in the 1660s claims that he ? died of a f ever contracted after a night of drinking with Ben Jonson and Michael Drayton, friends and fellow writers?. ? Englands greatest playwright, William Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. His epitaph reads ? Good frend for Iesvs sake forbeare, ? To digg the dvst encloased heare. ? put forward be ye man yt spares thes stones, ? And cvrst be he yt moves my bones.Trinity Church Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare Authorship consult ? The Shakespeare authorship debate continues to rage unabated. ? The traditional camp (Stratfordians) maintain that the noteworthy Bard was indeed a poet, playwright and an actor. ? Critics known as Oxfordian? s argue that a more likely contender may have been Edward De Vere (1550-1604), Christopher Marlowe, Sir Francis Bacon, Derby or even Queen Elizabeth herself Shakespeares Works and their chronology (apud Halliday) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1589-1590 1. Henry VI 1590 1591 2.Henry VI 159 2 1593 Richard III Titus Andronicus Venus and Adonis 1592 1598 Sonnets 1593 1594 The Comedy of Errors The Taming of the shrewmouse The Rape of Lucrece 1594 1595 The Two gentlemen of Verona Love? s Labours Lost 1595 1596 Romeo and Juliet Richard II A Midsummer Night? s Dream 1596 1597 King John The merchant of Venice 1597 1598 1 Henry IV 2 Henry IV 1598 1599 a lot ado About Nothing Henry V The Merry Wives of Windsor ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1599 1600 Julius Caesar As You Like It Twelfth Night 1600 1601 Hamlet 1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida 1602 1603 All? hale that Ends Well Othello 1603 1604 Measure for measure 1604 1605 Timon of A sos 1605 1606 King Lear Macbeth 1606 1607 Antony and Cleopatra 1607 1608 Coriolanus 1608 1609 Pericles, Prince of Tyre 1609 1610 Cymbeline 1610 1611 The Winter? s Tale 1611 1612 The tempest 1612 1613 Henry VIII (1613 1614) The Two Noble Kinsmen The First Folio ? The First Folio is of major importance to William Shakes peare as it is the first collected edition of Shakespeares plays. The copperengraving picture of William Shakespeare is signed Martin Droeshout on the title-page of the First Folio? 1623). noted Quotes ? Juliet Whats in a name? That which we call a ruddiness By any other name would smell as sweet. Romeo and Juliet (II, ii, 1-2) Juliet or The Blue Necklace (1898) by John William Waterhouse historied Quotes ? Hamlet There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. Hamlet Act 1, scene 5, 159167 Ophelia (1894) John William Waterhouse Famous Quotes Hamlet What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in dread how like a god he beauty of the world, the paragon of animals and yet, to me, what is this ethyl ether of dust? Man delights not me nor woman neither, though by your merry you seem to put forward so. Rosencrantz My lord, there was no such stuff in my thoughts. Hamlet Act 2, scene 2, 303312 John William Waterhouse Ophelia blue dress (1905) Famous Quotes ? Jaques All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. ? As You Like It Act 2, scene 7, 139143John William Waterhouse Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May (1909) Famous Quotes Macbeth ? To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day, To the last syllable of enter time And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, skeleton stubdle Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player, That struts and frets his guerilla upon the stage, And hence is heard no more. It is a news report Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Macbeth Act 5, scene 5, 1928 John William Waterhouse The witching(prenominal) Circle (study) (1886) Famous QuotesProspero ? We are such stuff As dreams are do on and our little life Is rounded with a sleep. ? The Tempest Act 4, scene 1, 148158 John William Waterhouse Miranda The Tempest (1916) Famous Quotes Hamlet ? To be, or not to be, that is the indecision Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by oppose end them. To dieto sleep, No more and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to tis a performance Devoutly to be wishd.To die, to sleep To sleep, perchance to dreamay, theres the rub For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, must(prenominal) give us pausetheres the respect That makes calamity of so long life Hamlet Act 3, scene 1, 5587 Sir Laurence Olivier (1907 1989) as Hamlet Shakespeare, Our Contemporary Hamlets Soliloquy ? Since first performed in the early 1600s, the title role in William Shakespeares Ha mlet has remained a favorite of many actors because of the aflame complexity of Hamlets personality. Nowhere is this complexity more apparent than in Hamlets famous soliloquy in Act III, Scene 1.The soliloquy is a soliloquy in which a character reveals inner thoughts, motivations, and feelings. Shakespeare used the technique often, and his soliloquies are poetic and rich in imagery. In Hamlet, a play about a man whose mind may be his fatal flaw, the form reaches its highest level. The Structure of Shakespearean Tragedy as devised by Andrew Cecil Bradley ? Andrew Cecil Bradley (18511935) was an English literary scholar, best remembered for his work on Shakespeare ? The outcome of his five years as Professor of Poetry at Oxford University were A. C.Bradleys two major works, Shakespearean Tragedy (1904), and Oxford Lectures on Poetry (1909). Bradleys pedagogical manner and his self-confidence made him a real guide for many students to the meaning of Shakespeare. His influence on Shake spearean criticism was so great that the following anonymous poem appeared I dreamt last night that Shakespeares Ghost Sat for a civil service post. The English paper for that year Had several questions on King Lear Which Shakespeare answered very badly Because he hadnt read his Bradley. (Hawkes 1986 as cited in Taylor 2001 46)CONSTRUCTION IN SHAKESPEARES TRAGEDIES ? As a Shakespearean tragedy represents a skirmish which terminates in a catastrophe, any such tragedy may roughly be divided into three parts. ? A. The first of these sets forth or expounds the situation, or state of affairs, out of which the conflict arises and it may, therefore, be called the exposition. ? B. The second deals with the defined beginning, the growth and the vicissitudes of the conflict. It forms accordingly the bulk of the play, comprising the Second, Third and Fourth Acts, and usually a part of the First and a part of the Fifth. ? C.The final section of the tragedy shows the issue of the conflict in a catastrophe. ? The application of this scheme of family is naturally more or less arbitrary. The first part glides into the second, and the second into the third, and there may often be difficulty in drawing the lines between them. A. The Exposition ? ? ? The role of the exposition is to introduce us into a little world of persons to show us their positions in life, their circumstances, their relations to one another, and perhaps something of their characters and to leave us keenly interested in the question of what will come out of this condition of things.We are left thus expectant. This situation is not one of conflict, but it threatens conflict. For example, in Romeo and Juliet we see first the hatred of the Montagues and Capulets and then we see Romeo ready to fall violently in love and then we hear talk of a marriage between Juliet and Paris but the exposition is not complete, and the conflict has not definitely begun to arise, till, in the last scene of the First Act, Ro meo the Montague sees Juliet the Capulet and waterfall in love with her.Sir Frank Dicksee Romeo And Juliet, 1884 Some Shakespearean Tricks ? ? ? When Shakespeare begins his exposition he generally at first makes people talk about the booster, but keeps the hero himself for some time out of sight, so that we await his entrance with curiosity and sometimes with anxiety. On the other hand, if the play opens with a quiet converse, this is usually brief, and then at once the hero enters and takes action of some indomitable kind. For instance, compare the beginning of Macbeth to that of King Lear.In the latter the tone is so low that the conversation between Kent, Gloster and Edmund is written in prose (although they are of noble extraction). At the 34th line it is broken off by the entrance of Lear and his court, and without delay the King proceeds to his fatal division of the kingdom. William Dyce King Lear and the Fool in the hale (c. 1851) ? This tragedy illustrates another pra ctice of Shakespeares. King Lear has a secondary plot, that which concerns Glouchester and his two sons.To make the beginning of this plot quite clear, and to mark it off from the main action, Shakespeare gives it a separate exposition. ? In Hamlet, though the plot is single, there is a little group of characters possessing a certain independent interest, Polonius, his son, and his daughter and so the third scene is devoted wholly to them. B. The Conflict ? The construction of a Shaksepearean tragedy is based on the fight between two fence sides in the conflict. They are of almost equal strength and it is difficult to theory which of them is to win.They are victorious in turn, until the conflict reaches its climax. In some tragedies the opposing forces can be identified with opposing persons or groups. So it is in Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. But it is not always so. The love of Othello may be give tongue to to contend with another force, as the love of Romeo does but Othello c annot be give tongue to to contend with Iago as Romeo contends with the representatives of the hatred of the houses, or as Macbeth contends with Malcolm and Macduff. ? Thomas Stothard, The contact of Othello and Desdemona (c. 1799)Ups, downs and suspense ? ? ? There is, all by and through the tragedy, a constant alternation of rises and falls in this tension or in the emotional pitch of the work, a regular installment of more exciting and less exciting sections. The sequence of events within the conflict, is also based on the principle of alternation. Let us call the two sides in the conflict A and B. All through the conflict we shall find a regular alternation of smaller throw outs and withdrawals first A seeming to win some ground, and then the counteraction of B being shown.And since we always more or less decidedly prefer A to B or B to A, the result of this oscillating run is a constant alternation of hope and fear, causing suspense. Dagnan-Bouveret Hamlet and the Gravedi ggers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? In Hamlet the conflict begins with the heros feigning to be insane from disappointment in love, and we are shown his immediate success in convincing Polonius. Let us call this an advance of A. The next scene shows the Kings great uneasiness about Hamlets melancholy, and his skepticism as to Poloniuss explanation of its cause advance of B.Hamlet completely baffles Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who have been sent to discover his secret, and he arranges for the test of the play scene advance of A. But straight off before the play scene his soliloquy on suicide fills us with misgiving and his words to Ophelia, overheard, so convince the King that love is not the cause of his nephews strange behavior, that he determines to get rid of him by send him to England advance of B. The play scene proves a complete success decided advance of A.Directly after it Hamlet spares the King at prayer, and in an query with his mother kills Polonius, and so gives his enemy a perfect excuse for move him away (to be executed) decided advance of B, a. s. o. This oscillating movement can be traced without difficulty in any of the tragedies. C. The Catastrophe ? The oscillating movement continues right up to the catastrophe. ? There is a critical point in the action, which proves also to be a turning point.It is critical sometimes in the sense that, until it is reached, the conflict is not, so to speak, clenched one of the two sets of forces top executive subside, or a reconciliation might somehow be constituted while, as soon as it is reached, we feel this can no womb-to-tomb be. It is critical also because the advancing force has apparently asserted itself victoriously, gaining, if not all it could wish, still a very substantial advantage whereas sincerely it is on the point of turning downward toward its fall. This crisis, as a rule, comes someplace near the middle of the play. ?Alexandre-Marie Colin. The Three Witches from Macbeth, 1827. This movement is most clear in Julius Caesar and Macbeth. In the former the fortunes of the conspiracy rise with vicissitudes up to the crisis of the assassination (III. i. ) they then sink with vicissitudes to the catastrophe, where Brutus and Cassius perish. In the latter, Macbeth, hurrying, in spite of much inward resistance, to the execution of Duncan, attains the crown, the upward movement being extraordinarily rapid, and the crisis arriving early his cause then turns slowly downward, and soon hastens to ruin.In both these tragedies the simplicity of the constructional effect depends on the accompaniment that the contending forces may be identified with certain persons, and on the fact that the vote down of one side is the victory of the other. Octavius and Antony, Malcolm and Macduff, are left standing over the bodies of their foes. ? Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his bit upon the stage And then is heard no more it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.Charles Kean and his wife as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in costumes aiming to be historically accurate (1858). ? This is not so in Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, because here, although the hero perishes, the side opposed to him, being the more faulty or evil, cannot be allowed to triumph when he falls. Otherwise the type of construction is the same. The fortunes of Romeo and Juliet rise and cease in their marriage (II. vi. ), and then begin to decline before the underground of their houses, which, aided by accidents, produces a catastrophe, but is thereupon converted into a contrite reconciliation.Hamlets cause reaches its zenith in the success of the play-scene (III. ii. ). Thereafter the reaction makes way, and he perishes through the plot of the King and Laertes. But they are not allowed to survive their success. Frederick Leighton The atonement of the Montagues and Capulets over the Dead Bodies of Romeo and Juliet, 1853-5 The Play Scene in Hamlet by Daniel Maclise (1806-70) ? http//elizabethan. org/compendium/home. html ? http//www. elizabethan-era. org. uk/elizabethan-england. htm ? http//www. britainexpress. com/History/Elizabethan_life. htm