Nuevo Hotel Budgeting Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuevo Hotel Budgeting Control - Essay Example For its management Nuevo adopted the normal Comodo team-structure, consisting of the General Manager with a five-member advisory 'Board of Directors' and ten independent business unit (IBU) managers. This organisational arrangement was "intended to generate a flexible and entrepreneurial spirit, so promoting creativity and risk taking while still ensuring sound responsibility and accountability". It was also intended to emphasise "empowerment, teamwork and knowledge-sharing - enabling all management and staff to use their initiatives and 'do what they have been trained to do' in order to provide an outstanding standard of service". Nancy Foster, an experienced and highly respected GM in the Comodo group was appointed as GM of Nuevo, to be assisted by a management team, some of whose members had been experienced in and imbued with the 'management culture' of Comodo, while the others, experienced in hospitality business shared Comodo's mission of making it "the best business and leisur e hotel company in the world", through their energetic, committed and responsible work., 'which always exceeded their guests' expectations'. Nancy was very experienced as a GM, but this was her first experience of 'opening' a new property. She thought it obligatory for her to make Nuevo the 'standard-bearer' for Comodo Group's "UK and European operations in the rapidly evolving 'information/virtual' age". To achieve this she thought it wise and prudent to involve the entire management team in developing key control systems for the hotel. She was well aware, of course, that management control system was a 'two-edged sword' in that while it could influence employee behaviour to achieve the company's goals, it could also "lead to large losses and possibly even to organisational failure". The team had already completed the management system in almost all areas of hotel management except in the important area of 'management accounting controls, including establishing the hotel's first budget'. In the management team meeting held to chalk out this problem, what emerged was the implications of the benefits and drawbacks of the ' traditional' budgeting procedures for designing an effective budget control system for Nuevo. Traditional Budget Control System Traditionally 'management teams of Comodo hotels usually based their first few annual income budgets on the feasibility study projections carried out to 'inform' the decision to invest in the project'. This helps the Home Office to get an early view of how the hotel is doing compared with the project appraisal. But then, these would be outdated in that they were drawn up years ago, and in the case of Nuevo, three years ago. Nancy wanted the first year budget proposal handed down to them by the Home Office to be revised because since the time of the project report two other hotels had come up in Manchester and competition had become 'hot'. However, Nuevo's Finance director advised Nancy to go long with the Home Office because everyone would be busy in

Drug offenders sdmitted to prison Essay Example for Free

Drug offenders sdmitted to prison Essay The single greatest force behind the growth of the U. S. prison system since the mid-1980s has been the national war on drugs. 45 Spearheaded by major federal drug policy initiatives that significantly increased penalties for drug offenses and markedly increased federal funds for state anti-drug efforts, federal and state measures to combat drugs have concentrated on criminal law enforcement rather than prevention and treatment. 46 An estimated 400,000 people almost one-quarter of the total incarcerated population in the U. S. are confined in local jails and state and federal prisons on drug charges. 47 Citing the extraordinary number of drug offenders in U. S. prisons, General Barry McCaffrey, has decried the creation of what he termed a drug gulag. 48 Policies adopted to battle the use and sale of drugs have led to marked increases in arrest rates, in the likelihood of going to prison, and in the length of sentences for drug offenders. Between 1980 and 1997, the number of annual drug arrests tripled to a high of 1,584,000. 49 The rate of drug arrests per 100,000 residents rose from 288 to 661. 50 The rate of commitment to state prison per drug arrest quintupled between 1980 and 1990, rising from 19 prison commitments per 1,000 arrests to 103 per 1,000. 51 The estimated time served by drug offenders in state prisons increased a full year between 1987 and 1996; federal drug sentences doubled. 52 As of 1997, there were an estimated 285,009 men and women in state and federal prisons on drug charges, a twelvefold increase since 1980. 53 Relative to the adult population, the rate of incarceration of drug offenders hasincreased almost tenfold, rising from less than 15 inmates per 100,000 adults to 148 per 100,000. 54 In 1980, drug offenders comprised only six percent of state prison populations. By 1998, they constituted 21 percent. In federal prisons, drug offenders now comprise 59 percent of all inmates, whereas they represented only a quarter of federal inmates in 1980. 55 Drug Offenders Admitted to Prison Between 1980 and 1998, the number of new admissions of drug offenders to state and federal prison soared, exceeding 1. 5 million in total (Figure 5). In recent years, about one hundred thousand drug offenders have been admitted to prison annually. Nationwide, 31 percent of all admissions to state prison in 1996 were drug offenders. Among the states, the proportion of drug offenders varied between a low of 10 percent in Maine to a high of 46. 6 percent in New Jersey and 44. 7 percent in New York (Figure 6). In three quarters of the states, more than one in five persons sent to prison was convicted of a drug offense. In contrast, violent offenders accounted nationwide for only 26. 8 percent of new state prison admissions. Rate of Admission of Drug Offenders There is a remarkable range in the extent to which states subject their populations to incarceration on drug charges (Table 8). The rates of admission of drug offenders to prison per 100,000 adult residents vary from a low of 6 per 100,000 in Maine to a high of 91 in California. The ten states that have the highest rates of drug offender admissions relative to population are: California, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington. Nationwide, drug offenders are sent to prison at a rate, relative to population, that is 13 percent higher than the rate for violent offenders (Table 9). In one half of the states reporting to NCRP, the admission rates for drug offenders exceed those for persons convicted of violent crimes. Six states Arkansas, California, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia send drug offenders to prison at rates that range from 50 to 100 percent higher than the rates for violent offenders. Drug Offending and Prison Admissions The broad range in admission rates for drug offenders across the country cannot be ascribed simply to variations in drug use and sales in different states. Table 10, covering twenty six states, presents federal estimates of the percentage of the population over 12 in those states who were current illicit drug users in 1991-1993. 56 Although some drug users may cross state lines to purchase drugs, we assume that relative rates of drug use in each state also roughly reflect relative amounts of drug sale activity. Comparing drug use rates with calculations of the rate relative to population at which drug offenders in those states were sent to prison reveals the lack of a consistent correlation between drug offending and the imprisonment of drug offenders. First, the percentage of the population that used drugs varied among states from 4. 1 to 8. 2 percent, compared to a range in drug offender admission rates that extended from 8 to 91. Second, the states with higher rates of drug use were not necessarily the states with higher drug offender admission rates. Oregon, for example, had the third highest percentage of drug use, yet it had one of the lowest rates of drug admissions. In contrast, California had both the highest rate of drug use and the highest rate of drug offender admissions. Third, lower drug use did not necessarily correlate with low drug offender admissions rates. The percentage of Illinois population that used drugs was quite low, yet the statehad the second highest rate of drug offender admissions. Similarly, Louisiana had a relatively low rate of drug use yet it had one of the highest rates of drug admissions. Obviously, no definitive conclusions can be drawn from a comparison of these two rather crude sets of figures. Nevertheless, the data suggest the explanation for the different rates at which people are sent to prison for drug offenses must lie in different penal policies and priorities among the states, including different law enforcement resources and strategies, prosecutorial charging preferences, and sentencing laws, as well as structural and demographic factors, e. g. , degrees of urbanization, rather than rates of drug offending. Drugs Involved In Offense The NCRP data does not permit reliable calculations about the extent to which different hard drugs (e. g. , cocaine, amphetamines, heroin) were involved in drug offenses. The data is somewhat better with regard to the identification of marijuana offenses, which were identified as the drug involved in 4. 3 percent of all drug admissions. 57 In nine states marijuana offenses accounted for more than ten percent of drug admissions: Alabama (16. 09), Iowa (17. 22), Kentucky (12. 4), Mississippi (14. 50), New Hampshire (28. 83), North Dakota (43. 02), South Carolina (11. 25), South Dakota (18. 3), and West Virginia (20. 63) (Table 11). Type of Drug Conduct People are sent to prison for both drug possession and sales-related conduct. In 1996, the simple possession of drugs (excluding possession with intent to sell) was the most serious conviction offense for 28 percent of all drug offenders admitted to state prison (Table 12). Fifty-six percent of drug offender admissions were for drug sales, and the rest for other drug-related offenses (e. g. , fraudulent prescriptions and unlawful possession of syringes). In nine states (Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, Mississippi, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Virginia) more than 50 percent of drug offenders sent to prison were convicted of simple possession.

Discuss the reasons for the growth and decline Essay -- essays researc

Up until World War II, Imperialism had been a major part of civilization throughout the world. The conquering and occupying of other lands had been prominent in all of the major world empires. The Romans, Ottaman Turks, Egyptians, Mongols, Syrians, Greecians, Babylonians, Muslims, Persians, and others had all thrived on the occupation of other territories. However, as the advancement of military warfare and techonolgy increased, the stakes increased, the wars longer, the casualities higher, and the controlling of vast amounts of land became harder as people sought ethnic diversity and clung to their heritage harder. The last of these great imperialistic empires stands with Great Britian and France. Other european powers in the 1800's also had their hand in the cookie jar of imperialism, including belgium, italy, and Germany, but the powerhouses existed with Great Britian and France. Up until a little after World War II, in the 1950's and 60's, did imperialism last. The questions asked now is how did European powers manuever their way into the lives of other ethninticies, and why didn't it last?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around 1870, imperialism in Africa escualted, with her coast line quickly being snatched by Great Britian, France, the Dutch, Germany, and the Italians, and then they started working their way inward. The Industrial Revolution caused new wealth to emerge, and this new wealth was invested in occupying new territories, for either a sign of prestige or dominance, probably both to an extent. Techonology is growing, and communications is increasing, thus making it easier to occupy new lands and peoples. Medical techonolgy is increasing, and the ability to combat new diseases helps the imperialistic powers overcome the new pestilences that they encounter. The increasing growth of the R.R made it easier to transport goods and materials needed to occupy territory. The population in Europe is growing, and these new lands are possible place to settle as well. But why did countries like Great Britian seek to expend enouormous amounts of money on provinces without much coming back to them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One theory is the Accident theory that says their was no real intent in the colonization that took place. The theory says that once one land was taken, the surrounding land would... ...by the British by combining three tribal groups together. One the British left, much blood was shed over what a nigerian was or was not. There was no coherant agreement on what these new people stood for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goals for the future are almost dependant on the new countries ability to industrialize and keep up with the Western powers. Establishing a stable government is one step toward political and economic growth and stablity. Agreeing on what a country is about, and how they are to support themselves are vital. Holding fast to an identity, as Americans, Frenchmen, and the British do, only aids in the development of old things, and the creation of new techonology. However, as afore mentioned, because of their being no distribution of weatlth in the world, and within the new countries, the new money is only spread out over the growing population providing no real enhanced standard of living for anyone, the gap will become wider and wider economically between the more developed countries and the third world. Economic developement is the key to success, and without that, these once colonized countries will only continue to struggle.

Papa John’s International, Inc. Essays -- Strategic Case Analysis

Introduction Papa John’s International, Inc., is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky it is the world’s largest pizza chain and considered paramount in the pizza industry. Papa John’s domestic pizzas are made exclusively from a proprietary blend of wheat flour, cheese made from 100% real mozzarella, fresh-packed pizza sauce made from vine-ripened tomatoes (not from concentrate) and a proprietary mix of savory spices, and a choice of high-quality meat (100% beef, pork and chicken with no fillers) and vegetable toppings. However, international ingredients vary to meet customs and tastes. (http://ir.papajohns.com/) The company operates approximately 3,400 domestic and international pizza restaurants. They have five segments of their business: domestic restaurants, domestic commissaries, domestic franchises, international operations, and variable interest entities. (Barney & Hesterly, 2010) They have company-owned restaurants in mature and developed markets, but have recently experienced a measurable decrease in their domestic franchising sales because these franchisees are not strategically located in the more heavily concentrated markets like their company owned restaurants. To further develop the Papa John franchisees, they are working on various economic systems to provide royalty and local marketing relief for struggling franchisees, by providing financing to assist existing and/or new businesses, and educating lenders and banking institutions on the Papa John’s business models and goals. Papa John’s has currently started repurchasing about 1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $22.52 per share, the company’s board of directors recently extended a repurchase plan through the end of 2010. Papa John’s... ... end-user customers, so as to capture additional market presence. Dominos has recently changed their pizza ingredient and their pricing structure they could become a major threat to Papa John’s customer base because they have always prided themselves on using high-quality ingredients. Dominos is now making attempting to grab up some Papa John’s domestic market share. Works Cited Form 10-K Annual Report Filed Feb 24, 2009, http://ir.papajohns.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1104659-09-11825 (Retrieved 2/11/10) Thursday, February 11, 2010, 2:43pm EST | Modified: Thursday, February 11, 2010, 3:04pm, Papa John’s cooks up heart-shaped pizza promo http://louisville.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2010/02/08/daily41.html?ana=yfcpc (Retrieved 2/11/10) http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/22/news/companies/papa_johns_pizza_schnatter.fortune/index.htm (retrieved 2/12/10)

Not Waving but Drowning Poetry Analysis

Steve Smith is a particularly somber poem. The poem is about emptiness and shows what people will do to try to get attention. This poem is a metaphor comparing how the emptiness of our lives consuming us is like drowning. This poem is portrayed through the eyes off man who Just died. In the poem the man died by drowning, supposedly because he caught hypothermia but as he suggested he died because he was too far out in the water. What this translates to in real life is that this man was empty inside.In a vain attempt to try to fill this void, he â€Å"swam† further out only to become increasingly more and more empty. In the end the emptiness surrounded him and was â€Å"drowned in it. â€Å"Not waving but drowning† suggests that people saw him doing these thing yet took no notice of it because they thought it was him acting out: â€Å"he always loved larking,† but in reality they didn't see the signs that he was consumed. † It must have been too cold for hi m†¦ † Suggest that they believed he died because it was too risky for him but he refutes that saying, â€Å"it as too cold always,† as in it was always risky.He gives the alternate reason, â€Å"l was much to far out all my life and not waving but drowning. † This suggests he knew what he was doing yet he did it anyways trying to get attention yet everyone misinterpreted. I believe anyone can relate to this poem because it strikes an old chord in the human heart. Everyone is empty inside, and everyone has always tried going on a little â€Å"soul hunt† trying to find someone to truly notice them. But many have failed and end up â€Å"drowning† In their own emptiness and misery. Not Waving but Drowning Poetry Analysis Steve Smith is a particularly somber poem. The poem is about emptiness and shows what people will do to try to get attention. This poem is a metaphor comparing how the emptiness of our lives consuming us is like drowning. This poem is portrayed through the eyes off man who Just died. In the poem the man died by drowning, supposedly because he caught hypothermia but as he suggested he died because he was too far out in the water. What this translates to in real life is that this man was empty inside.In a vain attempt to try to fill this void, he â€Å"swam† further out only to become increasingly more and more empty. In the end the emptiness surrounded him and was â€Å"drowned in it. â€Å"Not waving but drowning† suggests that people saw him doing these thing yet took no notice of it because they thought it was him acting out: â€Å"he always loved larking,† but in reality they didn't see the signs that he was consumed. † It must have been too cold for hi m†¦ † Suggest that they believed he died because it was too risky for him but he refutes that saying, â€Å"it as too cold always,† as in it was always risky.He gives the alternate reason, â€Å"l was much to far out all my life and not waving but drowning. † This suggests he knew what he was doing yet he did it anyways trying to get attention yet everyone misinterpreted. I believe anyone can relate to this poem because it strikes an old chord in the human heart. Everyone is empty inside, and everyone has always tried going on a little â€Å"soul hunt† trying to find someone to truly notice them. But many have failed and end up â€Å"drowning† In their own emptiness and misery.

Mergers and acquisition

Mergers and acquisition Outline the economic arguments for and against British Home Stores (BHS) taking over Arcadia?British Home Stores has grown from a single store in South London to a multinational retail company with a major presence both in the UK and later on in overseas clothing markets. In 1986 they merged with Habitat/Mothercare to form Storehouse plc. Then in May 2000, Philip Green bought Bhs from the Storehouse Group. Green has been successful so far and has managed to turn the business around and increased the value of the business from 0m to an estimated 0m and raise operating profits by 257 percent. After a failed attempt to takeover Marks Spencer earlier this year Green continued his ambition to expand his empire by moving in to takeover the Arcadia group which has a large portfolio of brands including Topman/Topshop, Miss Selfridge, Burton, Dorothy Perkins, Wallis and Evans. The deal would complete a horizontal takeover and, through external growth, create the biggest fashion retail group in the U.K.English: Marks and Spencer store, Birmingham High ...A combination of Bhs and the Arcadia, the UK's second largest retailer after Marks Spencer, would catapult Green's retail empire into pole position in the womenswear market, taking its share to 12.9%, ahead of Marks Spencer's 12.1%. This would in turn increase the buying power of the company and leave Green in a position to take control of the fashion market sector. With these points in mind there are both economic arguments for and against the takeover that I will evaluate and explain. Firstly it can be argued that the takeover will bring a number of benefits to the economy in both the short and long run however there are sometimes trade offs which, will lead to an economic argument against the takeover.Mr Green and Bhs will argue that the...

The Effect of the Setting On t essays

The Effect of the Setting On t essays The Effect of the Setting On the Characters A bright and sunny day or a dark, cold cave; the setting of a story gives the reader an idea of where the story takes place, but it also shows the affects it has on the characters. Ethan Frome, a novel by Edith Wharton, is a prime example in the usage of setting to affect the characters. The setting for Ethan Frome symbolizes the emotional and the physical isolation, cold, and death that surround Ethan. The cold, harshness of his surroundings affects Ethan in several ways. One of his surroundings is a winter wasteland. He associates winter with many of the woes that are in his life now. For example in the novel it says that with each passing winter Ethan became more elderly looking. The oppressiveness of winter takes its toll on Ethan. The winter is also used to describe those that he feels a hatred for, that being Zeena, who is bitter, ugly and sickly cold just like the winter. He says that if it had been spring and not winter he would never had married Zeena. Mattie is the complete opposite of Zeena, she is associated with spring and summer and a new life. Ethan seeks the warmth of the summer (Mattie) and to leave his winter (Zeena) behind. Seemingly he is unable to do this, just as he is unable to escape winter. Another example of cold is the house. It is in a constant state of chill. Especially when Zeena was about. The coolness of the house was a constant reminder to Etha n of the elements that lurked just outside his door. The town that the Fromes live by is small and isolated and his worn down and shabby house affect Ethan as well. The town of Starkfield is just that- barren, harsh, grim, severe, and hard. It is a miracle that anyone survives such a brutal environment. The ground is not productive, the buildings are falling down, there is barely enough timber to build with let alone be used a ...

Conventional Letter Salutations in English

Conventional Letter Salutations in English Conventional Letter Salutations in English Conventional Letter Salutations in English By Maeve Maddox A reader asks if a letter salutation can include more than one honorific. For example: Dear President Dr. Turner The short answer is, â€Å"not in English.†    The conventional letter salutations in English are these Dear Mr. Adams Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams Dear Ms. Adams Dear Margaret Adams Dear Harry  (if you know the person well) Dear Dr. Adams Dear Dr. and Mrs. Adams When the name is unknown to the sender, the following are common salutations: To Whom It May Concern Dear Finance Officer Dear Editor Dear Sir or Madam The conventional English honorific for a man is  Mr. For a woman, even if her marital status is known, the preferred form is  Ms. For a medical doctor or a person with a PhD, the appropriate honorific is  Dr.    Note: British usage does not put a period after these abbreviations.    If the sender knows the recipient’s name but not the sex, a gender-neutral solution is to use the first and last name: Dear Cory Simpson Other languages have other conventions, including the practice of using more than one honorific. For example, in German, when addressing a professional like a doctor or a lawyer, a writer may use two honorifics: Sehr  geehrte  Frau  Rechtsanwltin  Fischer. (literally, â€Å"Very honored Madame Lawyer†)    Sehr  geehrter  Herr  Doktor  Strauss  (literally, â€Å"Very honored Mr. Doctor Strauss†) Foreign letter-writing conventions tend to creep into English in the context of foreign affairs. For example, I found the following usage on sites written in English: Dear President Dr.  Jakaya  Kikwete- Open letter to the president of Tanzania, published on the Greenpeace site.    Dear President Dr. Fischer- open letter to the president of Austria, published on the Human Rights Watch site. Such usage is not idiomatic in English. The writer must choose one title: Dear President Kikwete or Dear Dr. Kikwete Dear President Fischer, or Dear Dr. Fischer It’s up to the sender to decide which title is more desirable in the context. Related posts: How to Format a US Business Letter Starting a Business Letter with Dear Mr. â€Å"Dear Sir† and Other Business Conventions Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking55 Boxing IdiomsStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 2-CBT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 2-CBT) - Essay Example Stress can affect both personal and professional life. Jeanne Segal, PhD, in his article ‘Raising Emotional Intelligence’ says that â€Å"people lose their confidence and become irritated or withdrawn when they feel overwhelmed making them less productive and effective in their work†. ( ¶ 5) Though cost cutting strategies are essential in the current competitive world, as a chief financial officer, I would like to bring the board’s attention to the benefits of educating the stress management techniques to our employees. A person under stress, either from the family or from the work place can never concentrate on his works and hence his productivity will be considerably reduced. Moreover working under the control of a stressful mind, can create lot of accidents at the work place which can create damages to the company and other workers as well. Creativity of a worker will be lost if he is under the control of any sort of stress. â€Å"A healthy workplace provides mutual benefits for employers and employees within a common belief that good health practices by both will lead to individual and organizational self-fulfillment and productivity. Health promotion is the process of enabling employees to increase control over and to improve their physical, emotional and social health†. (Work-Life stress management) In my opinion a little spending on training of employees for managing their work place stress can contribute immensely to the overall gain of the company. Moreover such training will educate the employees in how to manage their stress in an effective manner which will make them capable of managing their stress both at home and work place. As per Clarity Seminars  (located at Silicon Valley and San Francisco Bay Area), after a stress management training course the employees will be able to;†Understand and communicate more effectively with difficult co-workers, Manage challenging work situations with

Major Factors Influencing the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Dissertation

Major Factors Influencing the Fast Moving Consumer Goods - Dissertation Example According to the statistics, the country improved its net worth of FMCG from an initial $884 million in 2008 to $1 billion in 2011 (Iheduru, 2012). There is high competition in this sector, and this explains why majority of foreign-based firms have become interested in the Nigerian market. Many factors account for this scenario experienced in the Nigerian FMCG market. For example, strong economic growth, relatively political stability, and increased consumerism in the country can explain why FMCG market continues to expand in Nigeria. Nevertheless, the sector has not been immune to challenges, which tend to reverse the gains made in the sector. Some of the challenges arise from insecurity issues, political uncertainties in terms of post-election violence, infrastructural impediment, structural and regulatory bottlenecks, and distribution inefficiency (Iheduru, 2012). Therefore, it is in this state of lack of clarity that information has to be sought regarding Nigeria’s FMCG se ctor, and identify specific factors enhancing the growth of FMCG sector. FMCGs Industry Most literatures depict FMCGs industry to be concerned with production, distribution, and marketing of packaged products to diverse group of consumers. Various factors have been explored, which are perceived to have direct or indirect role in the development and sustenance of FMCG industry. Many of these factors can be categorized as both internal and external and have to do with general business environment (Paul, 2010). Therefore, some of the identified factors, which have made the industry blossom include the cost of operations estimated to be low, availability and utilization of efficient and effective distribution networks, the increasing competition in the sector that motivate many players, and the increasing number of people in different countries has also enhanced consumerism (Paul, 2010). These factors can be used to explain the Nigerian scenario, but other micro-aspects found in the country have to be investigated. In order to find out which specific factors have contribute d to progress of FMCGs industry in Nigeria, survey is conducted on a number of FMCGs in the country and analysis of generated resulted will be undertaken. The understanding is that, effective analysis of the results will clearly show which factors and to what level they have contributed to grow of FMCGs in Nigeria. How FMCGs companies in Nigeria try to build on their market share Increasing market share is one of the critical aspects players in the FMCGs industry try to achieve. Given that it was earlier identified that competition in FMCGs sector is increasing, the participants have innovated diverse methods and strategies to stay ahead of the rest. In other words, achieving competitive advantage and remaining in a win-win situation requires market participants (sellers) to identify the most appropriate and best strategies. For example, earlier studies that have been done have shown that, in order to create and increase market share, FMCGs firms adopt some of the following market s trategies. The firms innovate and market strong product brands as compared to their competitors (Gough 2004). Product brand is one of the most frequently and thoroughly used strategy by FMCGs firms to identify, penetrate, and control markets in different regions in which they operate. By owning and promoting strong brands, firms are able to resonate well with a particular market niche, which subsequently leads to increase in market share, a fact

THE EARLY GUILTY PLEA DISCOUNT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE EARLY GUILTY PLEA DISCOUNT - Essay Example It also determines whether such discounts in any way create a penalty for offenders who plead not guilty thus exercising their right to trial. A sentencing discount refers to a particular reduction that is normally quantifiable and relating to a discrete factor and which the court apply after taking all other considerations of sentencing into account. They relate to post-offence conduct on offender’s part. An individual who has committed a criminal offense has some options in responding to accusations made against him or her. The rules of criminal procedure in a court of law allow an offender to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty and if the offender fails to enter any plea, the court enters a plea of not guilty on for the offender and then begins the trial (Howie, 2008). There has been heavy contest on the levels, aspects and the extent of discounting sentences for defendants who plead guilty. In the recent years, the Australia high court has also weighed in on the debate. It is a statutory requirement in Queensland that the court should take into account a guilty plea and if the court fails to reduce a sentence; it must state its reasons. However, if it reduces the sentence, it is not obliged to state what the definite reduction in sentence was. Actually, even without remorse, the court holds that there should be reduction in sentence. It has also been a requirement for a court to point out the way in which it is reducing a sentence, if it is reducing it as a following the plea. It may achieve a reduction by recommending an early parole. In determining sentence for the offence, a fact of unaccepted offer to plead guilty is relevant (Freiberg, 2006). Following the concern of the discrimination that two elemental notions in sentencing engendered, justices Callinan, Gaudron and Gummow had a joint judgment. They observed the

You guys have to write through order instruction Assignment

You guys have to write through order instruction - Assignment Example Some of the questions that could be raised from the support given by Kiev are how the country could provide enough money to get military airplanes and helicopters against the countries in the east which were against the European Union, yet it had amassed huge debts and was on the brink of civil war. The film could also be interpreted as a western imperialism in that there was massive influence of the west. There were billions of dollars that were paid from the United States to help Ukraine pay back Russia for the deliveries of gas for the country. According to some journalists, the United States believed that they could buy their way out problems by using money. They believed that they could gain more friends by helping the ailing nations financially (Taddonio). By not mentioning the help that the United States was not mentioned, the film could have been more critical. Instead, it only painted the picture of a warring poor nation which could hardly support themselves throughout the war. The movie could do better if it had been more critical. Taddonio, Patrice. Tuesday on FRONTLINE: â€Å"Battle Zones: Ukraine & Syria. 22 May 2012. 23 January 2015.

America and the First World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America and the First World War - Essay Example America’s neutrality in the war meant that her banks could lend money to either of the warring sides. However, America’s neutrality is somewhat questionable as she was the main manufacturer and supplier of arms to the warring nations, especially to the Allied side, which was against the Imperial Germans. In addition, America supplied both financial aid and other goods such as army attire to both France and Britain. Her neutrality is also doubtful as she sought the affirmation of her right to immunity from submarine attacks from German submarines. Moreover, America kept a small army active in anticipation for joining the war, she sent out army divisions into Europe, whose tasks were to help out France and Britain. This neutrality was, however, stopped President Wilson after America received the Zimmerman Telegram, intercepted by Britain on its way to Mexico from the German government. The telegram sought to establish an alliance between Imperial Germany and Mexico agains t America. It also assured Mexico of Germany’s assistance in reclaiming the former’s land, which had been acquired by America (Venzon, p. 516). Wilson, who was re-elected because of his insistence on neutrality and seeking an amicable end to the war, was extremely aggravated by the Zimmerman Telegram, resulting in his decision to declare war on Germany. According to Wilson, the move by Germany to declare unrestricted submarine warfare on all marine vessels was evidence of Germany’s disregard for democracy. Wilson saw this as reason enough to go to war against Germany because the German’s had already sunk an American ship, Lusitania, resulting in the death of many Americans.  

Strategy Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategy Managment - Assignment Example The organization should continue with its online business strategy as it will help to gain more competitive advantages. The organization should implement aggressive marketing strategies in BRICK countries to increase its global market share. Threats Intense industry competition and economic downturn can affect the business performance of Tesco. Tesco requires huge marketing and investment to sustain in the international market. Overseas market revenue may reduce due to competition or economic conditions. Price war between the competitors can affect the profitability and large client base of Tesco. External Analysis PESTEL Analysis Political factors The market revenue and performance of Tesco depends upon the legislative and political conditions and European Union of these named countries. For employment in the country, government supports foreign retailer companies to provide jobs from lower paid, and flexible to high paid and highly skilled jobs to the students and other workers. Ec onomical factors Economic factors can largely influence the cost, profits and demand. High rate of unemployment level is the vital factor for economy. Unemployment rate would significantly decrease the demand of goods and also influence the demand required to produce the goods. Tesco highest market share is in UK, if in case of slowdown of UK market would affect badly on the company. Social factors Current trends for customer are now bulk and one-stop shopping. The amount of non-food products to be sold is increased by Tesco. UK retailers such as Tesco is giving attention towards the services and value-added items because due growth of female works and ageing population.... This paper approves the changes in business environment world create need for new services and products. The strategy of product development must be considered by company when developing new products for existing market. It also necessary to focus on internal development of Tesco when new products are produces for existing market. The expanding and diversifying the product development of Tesco would help to create customer relationship. Tesco can create new product line depending upon the need of the customers. Tesco should consider focus on extent and nature of diversification. The company which provide better innovative service and products can have better competitive advantage. Due to this unique store Tesco can use premium prices. To sustain in this competitive market, Tesco should maintain optimum quality on their internal strengths by implementing technologically innovative outlets and retail stores. This essay makes a conclusion the expansion of the market and to increase company’s revenue Tesco should enter into new markets like Japan and China. Survey shows that consumers in Asian markets have increased their spending and changing their trends towards retailing. This provides high opportunity for major supermarkets like Tesco. International alliance strategy should be used by Tesco. This can explained as entering in to the Asian markets by partnerships or joint venture. This will significantly provide huge market presence and large scale of economy. However, Tesco may feel it is high risk to be first mover depending upon the market complexity.

Geology Week 9 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geology Week 9 questions - Essay Example In the beginning, the shortages would cause inconveniences. Gas stations would run out of fuel. When gas was available, the prices would be outrageous. Plastic products would become rarer. A change would occur, but not easily. Green powered energy would become the new business. In the end, Americans would produce the energy needed as history has shown. 2. Investigate how geophysicist M. King Hubbert predicted in 1956 that annual U.S. oil production would peak in the early 1970s (the actual peak occurred in 1971). Also, investigate the debate over whether the same predictive technique can be applied to world oil supplies. When do you think world oil production will reach its peak—or has it done so already? Hubbert was a geologist. He predicted that oil would peak. His (Hubbert 1958) rationalization was it took 500 million years for the oil reserve to be formed. The reserve was limited. Oil would peak and then decline depending on usage. He also based his prediction on coal. The figures of coal production, peaking, and finally declining was a basis of part of his prediction. Hubbert (1958) used the following calculations with t standing for time is t=0 at the beginning and at first t equals a finite limit to reserves that are in a specific amount. The t will peak and eventually go back to 0. Using a complicated calculus formula that only a true mathematician could understand, he came up with the following chart: Hubbert was scoffed at for this prediction. Short term people would laugh and say oil would run out far in the future. Hubbert did not base his predication on feelings or emotions, he used a formula. He could prove what he was saying. It is looking like Hubbert was the only smart one that could face reality. 3. Many hydrothermal mineral deposits of copper, gold, silver, and other metals have been found in the countries bordering the Pacific Ocean. Can you offer an explanation for this remarkable concentration? If you were

Strategy Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategy Managment - Assignment Example The organization should continue with its online business strategy as it will help to gain more competitive advantages. The organization should implement aggressive marketing strategies in BRICK countries to increase its global market share. Threats Intense industry competition and economic downturn can affect the business performance of Tesco. Tesco requires huge marketing and investment to sustain in the international market. Overseas market revenue may reduce due to competition or economic conditions. Price war between the competitors can affect the profitability and large client base of Tesco. External Analysis PESTEL Analysis Political factors The market revenue and performance of Tesco depends upon the legislative and political conditions and European Union of these named countries. For employment in the country, government supports foreign retailer companies to provide jobs from lower paid, and flexible to high paid and highly skilled jobs to the students and other workers. Ec onomical factors Economic factors can largely influence the cost, profits and demand. High rate of unemployment level is the vital factor for economy. Unemployment rate would significantly decrease the demand of goods and also influence the demand required to produce the goods. Tesco highest market share is in UK, if in case of slowdown of UK market would affect badly on the company. Social factors Current trends for customer are now bulk and one-stop shopping. The amount of non-food products to be sold is increased by Tesco. UK retailers such as Tesco is giving attention towards the services and value-added items because due growth of female works and ageing population.... This paper approves the changes in business environment world create need for new services and products. The strategy of product development must be considered by company when developing new products for existing market. It also necessary to focus on internal development of Tesco when new products are produces for existing market. The expanding and diversifying the product development of Tesco would help to create customer relationship. Tesco can create new product line depending upon the need of the customers. Tesco should consider focus on extent and nature of diversification. The company which provide better innovative service and products can have better competitive advantage. Due to this unique store Tesco can use premium prices. To sustain in this competitive market, Tesco should maintain optimum quality on their internal strengths by implementing technologically innovative outlets and retail stores. This essay makes a conclusion the expansion of the market and to increase company’s revenue Tesco should enter into new markets like Japan and China. Survey shows that consumers in Asian markets have increased their spending and changing their trends towards retailing. This provides high opportunity for major supermarkets like Tesco. International alliance strategy should be used by Tesco. This can explained as entering in to the Asian markets by partnerships or joint venture. This will significantly provide huge market presence and large scale of economy. However, Tesco may feel it is high risk to be first mover depending upon the market complexity.

Summarise Risks of Assessment Essay Example for Free

Summarise Risks of Assessment Essay There are many different risks that you need to take into account when you are planning assessments. When dealing with anything that involves two separate parties there are many issues that could arise which could affect the intended outcome. When training students there are risks that surround the level of commitment that the student has to the course they are doing. If they are not enthusiastic about what they are learning, due to them potentially being forced into the learning environment could affect their level of work. This could then affect the whole assessment process. If the learner has no interest in the subject that they are learning then they may not keep their work up to date or attend their study days. To minimise the risk of that happening a clear and detailed explanation of the course and the expectations of the learner throughout the course period should be given to the learner when they sign up. Students that are not committed to learning are also a risk that could affect the whole assessment procedure. If a student does not want to commit to the learning process the chances of getting work in on time and study days attended is minimal. This will then affect the whole assessment process and risk the learner not having the correct units in on time and falling behind with their work. There are some literal risks that you could come across when going through the assessment process. The learners could have a negative view on learning and education due to previous experiences. They may have had experiences in the past that have influenced their views which could make the learning experience very hard for them, if they are negative towards learning this could make it hard for the other learners in the group. It could make study days hard if there is a negative attitude within the group setting, which could have an effect on the learning experience of others. The learners could have many different issues that could affect their assessment process, they could have personal issues that could create difficulties throughout the assessment process, and they could become ill and struggle to attend heir placements/settings. The learners could have an additional learning which could affect the work they produce or their understanding of the work that is being taught, this could then frustrate the learner with could result in the learner feeling they no longer want to continue with the course. As a tutor/assessor you have to have a good knowledge of all the learners within your groups so you can ensure that you are providing them with the support they need to complete the course effectively and on time. To enable you to do this you need to take the time to gain a knowledge and understanding of what level the learner is working at with regards to their functional/key skills, if they have any previous experience of the course subject that they are doing and what they want to achieve by doing the course. Ensure you read all the information gained by the training account manager is vital to the assessment process. When going through the assessment process you need to ensure that the learners have a relationship with you as a tutor, so they can feel comfortable speaking to you. They need to know that they can contact you for support and advice. By ensuring this you are improving the chances of the learners informing you if they are struggling with any work or if they have issues that may affect them completing their work or attending study days. Each learner has a tracker which help the tutor/assessor to keep track of the student’s progress, to ensure that the risks of complications and problems with the assessment process tutors need to be ensuring that they implement action plans for the learners as soon as they become behind on any of their work. This with allow the learner to have a clear picture of what is missing and expected of them to catch up with their work. It also enables the learner to see that you are aware of the work that is needed and how they are going to complete it to enable them to catch up. Planning throughout the assessment process is vital to ensuring that the learners achieve the goals that are set for them and to ensure that they know exactly what is expected of them in order to gain their qualification. Tutors/assessors need to ensure that they keep up to date with their plans and if anything on their original plan needs to be adjusted it is immediately, to reduce the risk of leaners becoming behind and struggling with any of their work. Ensuring that work that is handed in is marked and feedback is given as soon as possible is very important throughout the assessment process so the learners know how they are doing. They can see their progress which could potentially increase their confidence and self-esteem which could encourage them to work harder throughout their course.

Eco Friendly Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities

Eco Friendly Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities It is no exaggeration to say a society is ruled by the logic of the environment in the 21st century. Since the 18th century industrial revolution, human beings have benefited of the richness due to the mass production and mass consumption, having a continuous growth with a progress of industrialization, industrial technology, and advanced material. However, these types of economic activities based on material growth causes serious global environmental issues such as destroy of the ozone layer, global warming, acid rain, waste disposal and so on because of the destruction of public goods that is the environment; furthermore, the level of the contamination threats the survival of mankind. Since 1970s, the worlds environmental problems have started to spread out towards the awareness of environment conservation, and in recent years the need of environmental management emerges as a new measure including international agreements and the Green Round, which is to urge connection between env ironmental problems and international trade. Because of the seriousness of these environmental issues, the paradigm which is environmentally sustainable and sound for the 21st century led to a new international economic order occurred. Therefore, each business organization should recognize a bunch of issues about environment as a member of the community, the national society, and the international community in that the issue is no longer the problem of individual countries but rather the common problem of humanity. That is, it means that there is no exception across the world. Additionally, enterprises became unable to walk away from the strategic perspective in the event that the more our societies have increasing influence to the attention called environmentalism and consumerism, the more business sectors should concentrate on social responsibilities as well as ethical aspects. From this situation above, Eco-friendly marketing is emerging as a key role in business implementation plans. In other words, what is called Eco-frien dly marketing does not fully separate environmental issues from the economic goals; on the basic principles above, it is meant that a firm may have to focus even on not only its business vision under the objectives such as the profit of outcome, market share, and product-development projects but also its social vision for example: the community interest, the preservation of the natural environment, and the formation of corporate culture. Thus, Eco-friendly marketing can be defined as a marketing strategy which is to develop an increase of attention to the interdependence among human and human, human and social, and human and natural environment. It has often, however, been argued that Eco-friendly marketing can be shown a direct effect when a company under the companys long-term goals performs Eco-friendly management in the process of all marketing decisions, turning around into the overall environmental management structure. In this regard, this essay, for this reason, begins with the idea that what the cause of the mistake in terms of the majority of companies are taking a wrong place in the Eco-friendly marketing; plus, it is necessary to point out what the true meaning of Eco-friendly marketing is. Although awareness of both companies and consumers about the environment is very different from the past and both of them recognize with depth of understanding about there is a need for a new marketing strategy, the reason it is hard to find a case of company in the true meaning of success in performing the Eco-friendly marketing is that the history of academic theory and strategies in response to environmental issues is not so long; thus, there have been lack of relevant academic frameworks. Also, because of wrong recognition widespread ¸ Eco-friendly marketing is passively considered as one of the way to make profit rather than social responsibility. In this paper, therefore, there will be an argument about theoretical aspects of Eco-friendly marketing as the emerging factor of threats as well as opportunities in the modern world Eco-friendly marketing based on the previous research; then, it aims to provide the cases of companies comparing the status in the performance of Eco- friendly marketing between South Korea and the UK in order to suggest accurate directions which can lead to sustainable development and to be performed effectively. In the middle of developing worldwide standard such as ISO Series for environmental management and Global Reporting Initiative guideline, companies should not only adopt these global standards but also precede a correct understanding of environmental conservation activities of corporations in some countries while in international trade or direct investment. In addition, there is more attention now in the world than ever before in terms of a successful case of the companys environmental conservation activities beyond national boundaries; furthermore, it is necessary to know the trends related to the reform of countries` institutional background and surroundings of the company in order to grasp why a company in a certain country is attracting attention as a success story and how the successful cases are able to apply for a particular organization. This research is primarily concerned with the theoretical background and important factors to learn about Eco-friendly marketing on the basis of existing literature, and it will be also considered theoretical background relating to environmental management as the foundation to achieve effective performance for Eco-friendly marketing. Finally, through a comparative case study including the internal and external activities of the environment management, this essay aims to examine both practical efforts and institutional structure for the background of the corporations in the UK called an advanced country related to Eco-friendly marketing activities; at the same time, there will be a suggestion to improve understanding of the situation and problems in relation to current eco-friendly marketing of South Korean companies with the right direction. Since the early 1990s, it has raised several debates for Eco-friendly marketing in the name of ‘Green Marketing by way of mass communication; still, the concept can be seen as an academic field which has not been set clearly yet. In general, Eco-friendly marketing may often be considered the marketing activity as companies not only provide products or services to meet the needs of society but also perform social and ecological balance under the mutual recognition that a consumer is not any longer a simple buyer for the sale of products but is an individual for mutual benefit.[1] Table 2-1 below reveals several concepts that were released by associated marketing groups, academic circles or scholars, and media relate to Eco-friendly marketing. [2] [3][4][5][6] [7] To begin with, it is essential to understand clearly the different features between traditional marketing which is consumer-focused marketing and Eco-friendly marketing that is social perspective in terms of ideologies, values, and systems. The table 2-2 shows the differences below. That is, [8] the philosophy of Eco-friendly marketing is not to mainly focus on the limited customer reaction which is visible, but with a wide degree of dimensions to keep emphasis on the gist of improving the quality of human life rather than material convenience or wealth, regarding the customers as its own value without being recognized as a revenue source.[9] Also, remarkably characteristic feature is often described that the majority of companies when they are in the pursuit of traditional marketing in the past days were inclined to deal with the environmental problem as an entity they want to avoid as if it is possible. However, the feature of organizations to seek Eco-friendly marketing can be defined that they do not recognize the problem related to environmental preservation as the factor of threat, but do treat the activities in the role of another opportunity that can afford competitive advantages combining with long-term profitability, focusing on interdependence with hu man, human and social, human and natural environment.[10] Finally, it can be, therefore, clarified that Eco-friendly marketing is a business practice in the pursuit of social quality including environmental basic structure, environmental living condition, and social and cultural areas that contain all of human life. (Source: Moon, S.G., 1993) [11] As in shown in the table above, Eco-friendly marketing mix consists of Product, Price, Place, Promotion of the general configuration of marketing mix but the difference with the general 4Ps is that Eco-friendly marketing mix can be called the primary methods to perform the pricing of production-elements for development of environmentally friendly products, development of reverse distribution system through recirculation of waste, development of environment-friendly corporate- image, induction of consumption-behavior based on environmental consciousness, and program development, reflecting the environmental aspects. While companies are taking over marketing activities based on the new concept of 4Ps, on the position of the companies, a new strategy that can lead to revolutionary changes is needed in order to pursue competitiveness via environmental excellence. In particular, because the fundamental approach of environmental management begins from the perspective of Life Cycle Assessment, it should be implemented by reviewing the whole process or all action plans in terms of marketing-functions among the stage from purchase of raw materials, production, packaging, distribution, and to use and final disposal of waste, at the same time, establishing new marketing strategies. (Source: Cheong, H. B., 1995) [12] The table chart shows not only the process of being integrated expansion from the ‘Ps as a key function of traditional marketing for profit-maximization to green ‘Ps as needed by Eco-friendly marketing but also relationship with green ‘S, which is possible to assess whether Eco-friendly marketing in the pursuit of economic profitability and environmental sustainability at the same time is successfully achieved. From the chart, it is quite difficult to regard the external green ‘Ps as a target for companies direct control in the event that they include customers needs, providers attitude, positions of political power and pressure groups, and a wide range of factors associated with the global environment, or other stakeholders. However, the internal green ‘Ps, which include the elements of both the traditional ‘Ps such as 4Ps and the new green ‘Ps for information, individuals of marketing mix, process, workforce, management policies and so on, can make the majority of companies direct-controls; the internal elements may be, thus, independent marketing elements of corporations and can be called the core target for successful Eco-friendly marketing. The most priority issues in the product strategy of green marketing mix need to be addressed about identification of the characteristics of environment-friendly; still, the definition of green marketing has not been clear. Hence, green product has not been clearly defined yet by the academic circle. To recapitulate, it will be suggested simple existing definitions of some scholars below. [13][14][15][16] As in Table 2-3, it is shown that previous research tried to identify green products in the two types of perspective between relative and absolute in comparison with common products. In other words, with this type of strategy of green product, the key point is to develop new green products or to transform the existing products depending on the result of evaluation-factors related to the impact on environment. Most of the existing products seem to be lack of consideration for the environment, but also because investment in new product-development need for efforts in long-term technology development, in some cases, it could be essential to consider first enhancement of the environmental preservation through the improvement of existing products. Green price means the value of the currency based on how far consumers are willing to pay according to the level of Eco-friendly products. However, these issues of green price have been one of the most controversial parts in the academic from first beginning to form the concept of Eco-friendly marketing.[17] Key issues of this controversy are you will need a higher price in order to protect environment or how consumers will respond to the factors of rise in the price in terms of high Eco-friendly degree. The reason these two issues are debatable continuously is that the establishment of a logical set is not simple. The potential consumer-awareness of business goal, cost structure, the level of profits, and products will be affected in case a company adds Eco-friendly elements to the normal price of a certain product. Especially, there must be a rise of burden related to social costs. In other words, when it comes to see from the social view, if the environmental cost is reflected in the price, then the condition of environment will be improved, but the consumption would continues to reduce. On the contrary, in case it does not constantly reflect environmental costs towards products, the consumption would be promoted. However, environment probably continues to be worse. According to Henion (1976)[18], a case in green consumption, the price appears to be preferred if only the price is on the same level, but when green products are more expensive than the price of the purchase of substitute goods, both green consumers and consumers show signs of negative reaction to green products. As a result of Gallup Institute survey (1992)[19], well over 50% of consumers in 16 countries out of 2 nations responded to the positive notion that they are willing to pay higher prices to protect environment; remarkably, in the case of South Korea, it shows extremely higher figure that other nationalities often called developed countries. However, the problem is that these results do not lead to actual purchase-behavior. It is found in the various studies to explain the fact that consumers purchase-behavior may often change depending on the extent of the price premium.[20] Therefore, despite the superiority of Eco-friendly concepts, it is, undoubtedly, true that there is no motivation to companies Eco-friendly marketing strategy even if differences of price in market competition make an effect on the strategy as an inferior factor. Through the problem stated above, it will be required a variety of ways in order to overcome these problems; firstly, the most desirable way in the long term is to increase the consumer demand for green products in order to make competitiveness in prices by means of developing technology that is able to produce green products in the low cost. Next, governments role is needed to activate the adoption of green price; that is, government should give benefit on the price competition such as subsidies for increased prime cost, tax reduction, priority while contracting with public projects, support for sales promotion and so on to the companies which try to invest in facility-development to prevent pollution and technology, reducing negative factors related to production-cost for Eco-friendly. In addition, green products should be able to compensate relative weaknesses in comparison with non Eco-friendly goods through introducing non-price elements as consumers have psychological satisfact ion that they contribute to their community by purchasing green products. In conclusion, by promoting these discriminatory properties, we can increase the sales.[21] If an element for green is added on the concept of normal distribution, the rear path can be regarded more important than the front path. In other words, consumer products that are consumed are put emphasis on the recycling problem with the perspective protecting ecological environment and recycling resources in the reverse circulation-process from customers to producers. Therefore, the green distribution strategy could define as an activity to minimize negative environmental effect that can occur in the process of production and use, delivery to consumers, disposal, recycling and reuse; furthermore, it means also the overall set of business activities in order to enhance Eco-friendly characteristics of a company with the main content including material distribution systems such as storage and transportation, distribution process in terms of wholesale and retail, reverse distribution systems for recycling, and packing activities for safe transportation and preservation of the product -value.[22] For the resolution of environmental problems, companies distribution channel management is primarily associated with distribution channels. The reason re-circulation is significant is solid waste is one of the main causes related to environmental pollution, and through the re-circulation, it can be a way that can be expected to solve efficiently problems about resource depletion.[23] The ultimate aim of recirculation not only to construct an alternative plan in economic activities of companies associated with reuse of waste and energy conservation but also to activate public education about recycling waste, boosting public interests to environment.[24] To re-iterate the point, based on Ecological-Cycle, green distribution or place can be explained that a firm try to preserve environmental conditions at a certain level by means of both using resources once again and feedback to nature; moreover, when this perspective reflect on companies distribution strategy, the primary marketing st rategy for place can be developed by re-circulation of waste.[25] As in traditional marketing, promotion strategy is the most pivotal strategic-element which a company can apply along with product strategy in the course of Eco-friendly marketing. [26] The fundamental purpose of green promotion can be explained as 2 steps. Firstly it aims to strengthen behavior and attitude of Eco-friendly consumers through distinctive perspectives between consumers who are environmentally friendly and customer who are not. Secondly, green promotion is to help consumers who are unfamiliar with Eco-friendly concept to change their attitude and behavior to Eco-friendly customers; in detail, the specific aim is to convince consumers to buy green products that are developed by companies. [27] Therefore, at the same time, it is necessary to perform integrated green communication, and green communication can be called an informative activity to announce or communicate positive implementations for environmental issues towards both internal and external depending on strategic objectives such as a response to environmental risks, improved corporate image, contributing to society, product promotions, and so on.[28] Typical way of green communication is advertising strategy and PR strategy. In green marketing, it can be explained that green advertising is a type of advertising activity in the pursuit of environmental improvement and protection; also, with a view of the content, it is to express the environmental effects of a particular product or the representation of companies identities that are environmentally friendly as a main content and can do it.[29] With green PR, it is important for Green PR strategy to improve public relation together with advertising in the event that Eco-friendly marketing is to sell a corporate image rather than to promote simply a product. Thus, it can be effective that green PR has to deliver a message that could not have been accessed by advertising. [30] In addition, these green PR activities consist of three activities such as green campaign, green event, and personnel sales.[31] Typically, the green PR is created by a certain purpose to influence from custome rs, relevant stakeholders, authorities, administrative department of government, and to corporate stakeholders (employees, managers, shareholders)via a PR means such as distribution of press-related materials, speeches, seminars, publication of annual reports, sponsorship for charitable organizations, publication of related books, lobbying activities, community relations and so on.[32] The background that a company not only has an interest in Eco-friendly marketing but also has a practice of that kind of marketing activity may be originated mostly from outside of business conditions in the direction of respect for the environment. The type of factors and intensity that affect impact directly or indirectly on introduction of Eco-friendly marketing usually vary in each of the companies depending on local circumstances. [33] Those factors can be summarized like below. Because human being is a member of eco-systems, plants, animal, natural environment in Earth have inevitably been sacrificed in order to make up the human life. Before the Industrial Revolution, the level of environmental destruction had remained at not serious situation, but as the era of mass-production/mass-consumption dawned, now the destruction of environment is exacerbating continuously with significant threats such a Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain, Deforestation, Decertification, Species Decimation and so on. In this atmosphere, Eco-friendly concept has been emerged as an important factor to obtain sustainable competitive advantaged among organizations. [34] Recently, in South Korea as well as the world the latest trend is Well-being. That is, most people have become preferred to purchase a product which is beneficial to our body and our planet. In other words, this phenomenon is the purpose of companies and this fact means that awareness of consumers who have a survival decision of companies is no longer passive in that consumers both select and evaluate product themselves; especially, the evaluation of impact on environment among those assessments has been more objective and rigorous than before.[35] Thus, we can describe those people who actively navigate products that are less negative impact on environment as a green consumer. The concept of green consumer was beginning to form from the end of 1960s and has raised the extended debate as a social marketing concept.[36] According to Moisander (2001)[37], in particular, green consumers can define consumer groups that not only emphasize on socially responsible consumption to overcome the crisis of todays natural environment but also prefer a product which is relatively less contaminative. The characteristic in the green consumers behavior is possible to vary depending on personal inclination, but typically green consumers require environmental information, feel the need for environmental control, seek to differentiation with general consumers, and want to maintain existing lifestyle.[38] Additionally, green consumer category can be divided into by and large three groups depending on the level of involvement about environment such as innovative consumer actively to participate in protection movement, opinion-leading consumers to purchase Eco-friendly products, and common consumer to practice saving water and energy in daily life.[39] The table represents problems green consumers consider when they purchase a product; specifically, they start from raw material and manufacturing process and consider even corporate social responsibility as a factor in their decision-making.[40] (Source: Ottman, 1995)[41] In the past, companies has been consistent with a somewhat selfish or irresponsible attitude, regarding economic development as a priority, and agencies or officials of government have also driven forward with also short-sighted development policies; in consequence, it has caused a lot of environmental damage. However, in recent years, the issues related to environmental protection and ecological devastation is going to be generalized as the premise that is the most significant in business activities as well as across the whole area of society. To put it another way, our society do not want meaningless development with ignorance of environment; furthermore, that type of development is not allowed any longer. As a result, social criticism and responsibility for causing environmental pollution as well as attack of consumer groups and environmental groups on those companies, which are not responsible for environmental problems and legal or administrative regulations from the government has been gradually increased. From those situations above, managers arrived at the idea that they should not only identify human value and quality of life, but also focus on public interest of communities and consumers satisfaction.[42] In conclusion, by means of proposed strategies in the Table , a company has been able to apply Eco-friendly marketing strategy to an alternative means, which can help to achieve Eco-friendly innovation and efficiency for a long-term survival. (Source: Ottman, J. A., 1995)[43] As environmental problems have been serious, companies are required changes in business environment. Based on these transformed business conditions, it is utilized for a company to make good use of the shift of business conditions as a source of both new revenue and growth. Unless it may be in the right place, the market would be lost due to the decline in corporate-images for environmental responsibility. The main stakeholders in companies have been changed by conditions from the times as shown in the following Table ; besides, a new paradigm of corporate management has also been reformed. (Source: Lee, B. W., 1997)[44] Through the issue of distribution-equity in the mid of 1960s and quality-oriented management in the 1970s, since 1990s, as emerging the concept called green, companies have reflected the pressure to be Eco-friendly from social communities or relevant stakeholders to their business activity from manufacturing process to service process. Consequently, the idea that the concept of total quality environmental management, which can maximize the quality of all stakeholders and move to think about future should be introduced instead of total quality management focusing on the quality of products and services has been steadily considered by companies.[45] This varied consideration can be seen as the changes of consumers consciousness gave the greatest influence because consumers now recognize responsibility of environmental protection, the degree of contribution to communities, and ethical responsibility by means of evaluation criteria. The primary goal of Eco-friendly marketing is to promote practical use as the basis to secure competitiveness after building environmental management system.[46] Also, through the goal, it aims to obtain profitability for short-term and to pursue sustainable prosperity for long-term. In other words, the key role is not only to win profit and ethical corporate-image but also to promote social welfare in the long term at the same time actively intervening in environmental issues. From the view in the position of individual companies, necessity of Eco-friendly marketing can be summarized as five representative needs such as to satisfy consumer needs, to secure business opportunities, to guarantee sustainability, to occupy better position for competitive advantages, and to strengthen national competitiveness.[47] However, among various kinds of needs, the reason Eco-friendly marketing in contemporary society is the most necessary is to ensure the survival and competitiveness of companies, gratifying requests of customer and social needs through being green of all activities related to marketing mix.[48] In addition, only Green marketing activity cannot achieve the ultimate goal; it is, therefore, essential that a company should make an integrated effort in the entire business/national level of all business activities including production/technology and all circumstances that surround companies.[49] Environmental management system on a sound basis can provide companies with an opportunity that enables environmental goals to be connected with individual objectives when they convert their idea from traditional management to environmental management, which is able to gain sustainable competitiveness and organization-growth as well as to continue environmental improvements for sound condition of Earth with the help of prearranged, proactive, preventive, and systemized activities. Above all, it is beneficial in that introducing Eco-friendly management can be linked with financial outcome; on top of that, opportunities to make sure whether resources are allocated in the right place so as to achieve the best performance as in financial/environmental aspects. Therefore, these effects can be summarized as the table below. (Source: ISO-Korea Business Research Institute, Environmental management guide, 2003)[50] Eco-friendly management had formed a lot of consensus as a new paradigm of the 21st century as well as it has been discussed not only in economic sectors but also in various fields called such as green management, green management, environmental management. (Source: Lee, B. W., 1997)[51] From the table , the concept of Eco-friendly management can be defined that a company considers the impact on environment in the whole process of all business activities, draws a plan to reduce negative effects on environment, and finally executes it on practical ways at the same time. In addition, recently it has been subdivided into individual parts including Green organization (role of organization-members, determination determination of managers, internal training, green communication and Green, Eco-friendly marketing (defined earlier), Green accounting, Green operation management (Life Cycle Assessment, acquisition of Eco-friendly labels, cleaner production).[52] Business activities including marketing activities are affected by economic/social policies and regulations of each government; moreover, a companys marketing activity should be in need for constant change because a companys strategy has to meet the requests of national or local community. Therefore, in this chapter, it can provide an analytical concept in terms of both the problems of companies Eco-friendly marketing practice and the right path of direction through investigation of environmental policies in South Korea. In South Korea, governments environmental policy aims to establish a site where Man and nature can live along together. Environmental policies in South Korea are constantly evolving with prevention-oriented environmental policy such as Eco-friendly production process, efficient use of resources, minimizing waste beyond policies following an event, which are individual media-oriented including monitoring or supervision of polluting material emissions, activating recycle, and so on. It can be recapitulated for the environmental policy of South Korea as in Table below. (Source: Ministry of Environment, Annual report, 2004)[53] Command or control is the regulated way South Korean government not only presents a certain degree of standards for a facility or activity that causes contamination but also imposes obligation to comply with the standards. In case a company or individual violates both obligations and regulations, the government will give a legal or administrative sanctions based on the environmental policy; in addition, those kinds of policies are very effective and relatively simple measures in that the impact appears quickly. As the result, it is widely used in South Korea and over the world. Economic instrument is the measures in order to achieve environmental goals by means of market as economic and financial media, and, a case in point of South Korea, there are two representative policy measures. EITS was revised in 1991 and is still the policy during execution in South Korea. It aims to promote reduction of pollution and to raise a reasonable investment funds acco

Where The Red Fern Grows :: essays research papers

In the story Where The Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls. Billy is willing to try his best when he wants to get the dogs. He also tries his best when he wants to get Old Dan down from a tree. Billy thinks that God helped him knock the tree down and catch the coon who was up the tree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy tries his best to get the dogs he saw in an ad, he found in a magazine by the lake were fishermen fish. He picked berries util his feet were covered with scratches because of the bushes. He also hunted for coons with the traps his father got him. He would sell the fur and the berries in his grandfather's store. After two years Billy finally had enough money to get the dogs he wanted. He was so excited that instead of waiting for the dogs to come to him he went to the dogs. After getting the puppies Billy got into a fight with some school kids because they were picking on the puppies and Billy was getting angry. He wanted to protect the puppies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Billy and his dogs went coon hunting Old Dan went up a dead hollow tree to try and catch the coon who went up there. So Billy had to go up and get him down. Billy tried as hard as he could to get his big dog down, then he finally did. When Old Dan got down he was so eager to get the coon he went back up the tree. So Billy went up the tree again and tried to get him down. With all his strength he finally got Old Dan Down for the second time. Billy thinks that God helped him in getting the tree to fall and catching the coon. This all happened when Billy promised his dogs that if they get the coon up the tree he would get the coon. So Billy thought of climbing the tree but it was to high. So he tried to cut the tree down. It took along time; Billy's Grandpa made a dummy so Billy can go home and rest. The purpose of the dummy was to make the coon think that a person was standing there. So the coon would stay up on the tree for several days before he finds out that the dummy is fake. When Billy went back to the tree he started cutting and cutting, but the tree was too big and thick to cut down.

Taiwan Must Eliminate the Dependence on Nuclear Power Essay -- Nuclear

The public awareness of nuclear power in Taiwan has increased markedly especially after the Fukushima nuclear accidents made nuclear power a contentious front-page issue. Nowadays, Taiwan produces 22% (i.e. 5028 megawatts ) of her energy from nuclear power produced by three power plants with 6 reactors. In addition to these three power plants, the under-construction nuclear power plant four has never been far away from the center of public opinion in the past 20 years. The rising environmental and anti-nuclear movements in Taiwan have created no shortage of policy disputes and public concern on the use of nuclear power for electricity generation (Hsiao.Liu et al, 1999).It seems to be an irresistible trend to make Taiwan a â€Å"nuke-free home†. But it must be a long-term process rather than an immediate action. Before we completely enable to get rid of nuclear power, there are a lot we can do to accelerate the process such as starting an energy saving revolution, developing th e technology of renewable energy and even properly making use of the existing nuclear power plants. 1. The condition of Taiwan After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, an international review of nuclear safety indicated that two of the three nuclear power plants operating in Taiwan were listed as the most dangerous in the world (Jung-Chun Ho et al, 2013). According to a survey conducted by Jung-Chun Ho et al in August 2011, 66% of the 2819 responders perceived that Taiwan's safety management of nuclear power plants was inferior to Japan's, while 40% perceived a higher possibility of nuclear accidents like that in Japan. Actually, the condition of Taiwan decides that it should create a â€Å"nuke-free home† First of all, Taiwan is a small and geological unstable ar... ... 21. 2013. Pages 674–683. 14. Fleiter. T, Fehrenbach. D.Worrell, E. Eichhammer.†Energy efficiency in the German pulp and paper industry—a model-based assessment of saving potentials†. Energy, 40 (2012), pp. 84–99. 15. Chen Falin, Lu Shyi-Min, Tsenga Kuo-Tung, Leeb Si-Chen, Wanga Eric. â€Å"Assessment of renewable energy reserves in Taiwan.†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,Volume 14, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 2511–2528. 16. Cheng-Dar Yuea,Chung-Ming Liua, Eric M.L. Lioub. â€Å"A transition toward a sustainable energy future: feasibility assessment and development strategies of wind power in Taiwan†. Energy Policy, Volume 29, Issue 12, October 2001, Pages 951–963. 17. â€Å"Taiwan's renewable energy sector grows 19 pct. in Q3.† The China Post, November 26, 2013. 18. Carmen Paun, Jens Kastner. â€Å"European review of Taiwanese safety.† World Nuclear News, 20 November 2013.

Why Winter Is Better Than Summer

Mr. ENG4U Due: The Winter Season is the Best Amongst Them All The winter season is the best season amongst the 4 that occur in Canada. The winter season has the most spirit, is the most comfortable, and is the safest health wise. The winter season has holidays that every kid impatiently waits for, and has outdoor pond hockey unlike any other season. Whereas in the summer you’re hot and dehydrated while mosquitoes attack you, and it harder to sleep when it’s hot compared to when it’s cold. No other season has the holiday spirit that is present in the winter.The winter has multiple holidays that everyone looks forward to, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Valentines Day, New Years Eve/Day, and the best of all Christmas. The smell of the ginger bread cookies that the mothers make is the traditional Christmas holiday scent. While the mothers are cooking the older sons are hanging the Christmas lights with their fathers. The mothers and daughters decorating the house and Chris tmas tree while the younger kids are writing up their Christmas wish lists to send to the North Pole.The little girls go out side to build some snowmen while the boys go play some shinny with their friends on the frozen pond. Whereas in the summer there is no pond hockey, no presents, and no holiday spirit. Only unpleasant things await ones presence in the summer. As the summer season comes around, it won’t wont have any presents, ginger bread cookies, frozen pond hockey, or a nice cool night of sleep waiting for you. The winter is the most comfortable and stress-free amongst all the seasons in Canada.When the kids are done building their snowman’s, or finished playing shinny with their friends on the frozen pond, they can go back inside and enjoy a nice hot chocolate (http://ghostlittle. blogspot. ca/2011/05/21-winter-is-better-than-summer. htmlby) the warmth of the roaring fire. In comparison the summer will only have bloodthirsty mosquitoes ready to attack, a scorch ing hot sun ready to dehydrate and burn, and a long hot sleepless night waiting for you.While one builds a snowman in the winter, one will have sand sticking to their burnt sweaty skin in the summer. While one is sitting by the warm fireplace with a hot chocolate in the winter, one will be struggling for cool air from the fan in the summer. When the day comes to an end in the winter, one can enjoy a good night of sleep in the warmth of their beds; where in the summer one truly detests the warmth of their bed, resulting with a long sleepless night.Winter being the most stress-free season for anybody is the reason why it’s the healthiest season. The winter season is the healthiest season for anybody. The increased comfort helps reduce stress, and the holiday spirit and more time spent with your family is another factor that contributes to making people in a more cheerful mood. The main reason why winter is the healthiest season amongst them all is because there are lower amount of sicknesses and diseases compared to the summer.Whereas in the summer one can suffer from dehydration, sun burn from the scorching hot sun, sunstroke, and a fever from when it rains (http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20080930065312AAGlbMn) . The human body also can withstand cold temperatures better than it can handle hot temperatures, so the winter is more preferable for ones body. In the winter we never have to face any of these problem, instead one can enjoy the hot chocolate once again by the fireplace with their family members and friends.The winter season is the most enjoyable for one compared to the summer because it is the most comfortable, spirit filled, and the healthiest. Would one rather be suffering from all pain from the bloodthirsty mosquitoes and the red-hot sun? Or would they rather be snuggling with their lovers by the warm fireplace with a hot chocolate at hand? Works Cited http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20080930065312AAGlbMn http:/ /ghostlittle. blogspot. ca/2011/05/21-winter-is-better-than-summer. html

Refugee Blues

Positive Image| Negative Image| Effect| Some are living in mansions| Some are living in holes| This shows that while some people are very well off, others, like the refugees, have nowhere decent to live. | Evert spring it blossoms a new| Old passports cant do that| A tree can grow but a passport cant| Saw a poodle in a jacket fastened with a pin| But they weren’t German Jews my dear| Saying how pets get more luxuries then them| Saw fish swimming as if they were free| Only ten feet away | The fish have more freedom then them|Use of language| Example| Effect| Use of repetition| We cannot go there now, my dear, my dear cannot go there now. (â€Å"my dear† repeated in each stanza)| Emphasize how bad there situation is| Language conveying sadness or despair| Asked me politely to return next year, But where shall we go to-day my dear, where shall we go to-day? Makes us feel sympathetic to them | Language about the political situation and the behaviour of the officials| The co nsul banged the table and said: â€Å"if you've got no passport you’re officially dead†| The consul sounds cruel because he’s basically saying they are dead even though they are alive| Language about homelessness| Dreamed I saw a building with a thousand floors, a thousand floors; a thousand windows and a thousand doors; and not one of them was ours, my dear, not one of them was ours. Makes it sound like they are surrounded by so much shelter but they are not allowed in any of them| Language about war| Ten thousand soldiers marched to and fro. Looking for you and me, my dear, looking for you and me| Ten thousand soldiers are looking for two people- All the soldiers are looking for the Jews| | | | | | | Refugee blues- blues musicTen million souls (religious, holy, implies we are all the same) Society is unfair on the way it treats people (some are living in mansions, some are living in holes) Atlas – there not anywhere close to there home, Palestine or Ger many The natural world is in a continual state of renewal, they lost their passports and are no longer citizens They are told to wait and then come again next year – uncaring He compares the angry speeches by Hitler to he thunder in the sky The poodle and cat are treated better then the German views (they cant give the same care to their fellow human beings) Pathetic fallacy- the weather matches the mood of the poem (the snow) Refugee blues is very relevant today, the refugees in England DEJECTED – you've given up on life rejection and despair (dispirited, disheartened, poignant, depressing, Foreboding, mournful, despair, bitterness, resentment, anger)

Design Patterns - Behavioral, Creational, Structural Research Paper

Design Patterns - Behavioral, Creational, Structural - Research Paper Example There are several classifications of design patterns - this essay focus on three designs, including memento for behavioral patterns, singleton for creational patterns and lastly facade for structural patterns. Memento Pattern This is a software design pattern that has the capability of bringing back an object to its initial state. As a pattern, it allows the initial state of an object to be restored without interfering with the rules of encapsulation. This means that the arising object can be designed appropriately, though it can be restored to its original state. Therefore, memento pattern has the ability of restoring the internal state of an object without breaking the encapsulation rules. As a behavioral pattern, Memento indicates the manner through which communication between entities or classes is achieved (Schmidt, 1997). Basically, the design pattern is popular in applications with â€Å"undo’ functionality. Memento pattern has two participants: the caretaker and the o riginator. The originator restores memento to its internal state while the caretaker guarantees memento safekeeping. According to Gamma et al. (1995), memento does not allow access to other objects other than originator. It has two interfaces, including narrow and wide interface. Caretakers only find the narrow interface and pass memento to other objects while the originator finds the wider interface through which it allows access to data that enabling restoration of the initial state. Benefits and drawbacks Memento pattern has chain of responsibilities that offers great flexibility especially when processing an application. In this case, it manages complex events by dividing the responsibilities into simpler elements that allows a set of classes to behave as a whole. However, the flexibility of this pattern is hard to develop, debug and test. This is because the chain becomes extremely complex. In addition, failure to plan for varied forwarding possibilities could result to message s that lack a handler, hence failing to attract any response. Singleton pattern Singleton is a creation design pattern that ensures only one object of a given class is created. It has only one class that is accessible by clients from identifiable access points. The single class must be extensible and the clients should easily use extended instances without alteration to their codes. Therefore, this pattern is particularly useful when a single object is needed to manage actions across a system. Singleton ensures efficiency when creating numerous identical objects and it uses a particular algorithm that requires a single point of control to interact with a resource that cannot be shared. Benefits and drawbacks The singleton pattern exerts control over the instantiation process and therefore this class has the flexibility to change the instantiation process. In addition, singleton pattern ensures that every object accesses the singleton object and preventing other objects from instanti ating their own copies. However, weaknesses associated with singleton pattern includes introduction a global state into the program. It allows uncontrolled access to the program hence being one of the most used patterns. In this regard, programs that are heavily used are difficult to test. This is because it is not possible to test it without testing other

Ethical situation in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical situation in business - Essay Example panies need to emphasize on ethics in order to satisfy their employee pool and use existing human resource pool in to fillip growth (Trevino & Nelson, 2010, p. 194). Code of ethics helps the company to build sustainable image in front of their stakeholders. Unethical business practice creates negative image in front of shareholders and government of the country. In the extreme case of unethical behaviors like fraud, bankruptcy, misrepresentation of company asset or any kind of forgery government takes legal action against the company. Legal action against the company not only hurts market reputation of the company but negatively affects shareholder’s interest. In the given situation companies of USA has designed ethical assistance lines for employees to report ethical concern or ask question about companies business pattern in order to create a transparent ethical environment in the organization. The following diagram will show propensity of employee to report unethical business practice of the company (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2009, p. 222). The company will only accept projects for which they have the requisite knowledge, expertise and experience to accomplish task successfully. The company will engage only those employees who have the requisite expertise and knowledge to complete the project in accordance to demand of clients. Employees of the company will take care of the confidential client information and must not disclose any of the information in public without taking formal permission from clients. Disclosing client information to their competitor’s is strictly prohibited and employees practicing such unethical transaction will be under legal jurisdiction of Federal Government. Employees and the company will not accept any kind of bribe, remuneration, commission or any kind of fringe benefit from third party connected to clients without taking prior permission from clients. The company will disclose such kind of monetary offer from third